In South Asia, soil health degradation is affecting the sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). Indeed, for the sustainability of the soil quality, new adaptive technologies, i.e., conservation tillage and straw management resource conservation, are promising options. This investigation was focused on the interaction of tillage and straw management practices and their effects on Aridisols, Yermosols soil quality, and nutrients dynamics with different soil profiles within RWCS. The long-term field experiment was started in 2014 with the scenarios (i) conventional tillage (SC₁), (ii) residue incorporation (SC₂), (iii) straw management practices (SC₃ and SC₄) and conservation tillage (SC₅). Conservation tillage practice (SC₅) showed significant impact on properties of soil and availability of nutrients in comparison with that of conventional farmers practice (SC₁) at the studied soil depths. The SC₅ showed significant results of gravitational water contents (25.34%), moderate pH (7.4), soil organic-matter (7.6 g kg⁻¹), total nitrogen (0.38 g kg⁻¹), available phosphate (7.4 mg kg⁻¹), available potassium (208 mg kg⁻¹) compared to SC₁ treatment at 0 to 15 cm soil depth. Whereas, DTPA-extractable-Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration were significantly higher, i.e., 1.12 mg kg⁻¹, 2.14 mg kg⁻¹, and 4.35 mg kg⁻¹, respectively under SC₅ than conventional farmer’s practices, while DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable Fe (6.15 mg kg⁻¹) was more in straw management practices (SC₄) than conventional and conservation tillage. Therefore, conservation tillage (SC₅) can surge the sustainability of the region by improving soil assets and nutrients accessibility and has the potential to minimize inorganic fertilizers input in the long run.

中文翻译：

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通过巴基斯坦旁遮普邦稻麦种植系统中的残留管理和保护性耕作改善土壤健康

在南亚，土壤健康恶化正在影响稻麦系统的可持续性。实际上，对于土壤质量的可持续性而言，新的适应性技术，即保护性耕作和秸秆管理资源的保护，是有希望的选择。这项研究的重点是耕作和秸秆管理实践之间的相互作用，以及它们对RWCS中不同土壤剖面的Aridisols，Yermosols土壤质量以及养分动态的影响。这项长期野外实验于2014年启动，涉及以下场景：（i）传统耕作（SC ₁），（ii）残留物掺入（SC ₂），（iii）秸秆管理实践（SC ₃和SC ₄）和保护性耕作（ SC ₅）。在研究的土壤深度下，与传统的耕作做法（SC ₁）相比，保护性耕作实践（SC ₅）对土壤的性质和养分的有效性显示出显着影响。该SC ₅显示了重力水含量（25.34％），中度pH值（7.4），土壤有机质显著结果（7.6克千克^-1），总氮（0.38克千克^-1），可用磷酸（7.4毫克公斤^{- 1}），在土壤深度为0至15厘米时，与SC ₁处理相比，有效钾（208 mg kg ^-1）。而，DTPA-提取-Cu系，Mn及Zn浓度为显著越高，即，1.12毫克千克^-1，2.14毫克公斤在SC ₅下，分别比常规农民的做法^{-1 -1}和4.35 mg kg ^-1，而秸秆管理实践（SC ₄）中的DTPA（二亚乙基三胺五乙酸）可提取铁（6.15 mg kg ^-1）比常规和保护措施更多。耕作。因此，保护​​性耕作（SC ₅）可以通过改善土壤资产和养分的可及性来促进该地区的可持续发展，并且从长远来看具有减少无机肥料输入的潜力。