Metals and polymers are dissimilar materials in terms of their physicochemical properties, but complementary in terms of functionality. As a result, metal-organic structures can introduce a wealth of novel applications in small-scale robotics. However, current fabrication techniques are unable to process three-dimensional metallic and polymeric components. Here, we show that hybrid microstructures can be interlocked by combining 3D lithography, mold casting, and electrodeposition. Our method can be used to achieve complex multi-material microdevices with unprecedented resolution and topological complexity. We show that metallic components can be combined with structures made of different classes of polymers. Properties of both metals and polymers can be exploited in parallel, resulting in structures with high magnetic responsiveness, elevated drug loading capacity, on-demand shape transformation, and elastic behavior. We showcase the advantages of our approach by demonstrating new microrobotic locomotion modes and controlled agglomeration of swarms.

金属和聚合物在物理化学性质方面是不同的材料，但在功能方面是互补的。因此，金属有机结构可以在小型机器人领域引入大量新颖的应用。然而，当前的制造技术无法处理三维金属和聚合物部件。在这里，我们展示了可以通过结合 3D 光刻、模具铸造和电沉积来联锁混合微结构。我们的方法可用于实现具有前所未有的分辨率和拓扑复杂性的复杂多材料微器件。我们证明金属部件可以与不同类别聚合物制成的结构相结合。可以并行利用金属和聚合物的特性，从而产生具有高磁响应性、提高的载药能力、按需形状转变和弹性行为的结构。我们通过展示新的微型机器人运动模式和受控的群体聚集来展示我们方法的优势。