Precision farming technologies were implemented into a commercial harrow to increase selectivity of weed harrowing in spring cereals. Digital cameras were mounted before and after the harrow measuring crop cover. Crop soil cover (CSC) was computed out of these two images. Eight field experiments were carried out in spring cereals. Mode of harrowing intensity was changed in four experiments by speed, number of passes and tine angle. Each mode was varied in five intensities. In four experiments, only intensity of harrowing was changed. Weed control efficacy (WCE) and CSC were measured immediately after harrowing. Crop recovery was assessed 14 days after harrowing. Modes of intensity were not significantly different. However, intensity had significant effects on WCE and CSC. Cereals recovered from 10% CSC, and selectivity was in the constant range at 10% CSC. Therefore, 10% CSC was the threshold for the decision algorithm. If the actual CSC was below 10% CSC, intensity was increased. If the actual CSC was higher than 10%, intensity was decreased. Image analysis, decision support system and automatic control of harrowing intensity by hydraulic adjustment of tine angle were installed on a controller mounted on the harrow. The new system was tested in an additional field study. Threshold values for CSC were set at 10%, 30% and 60%. Automatic tine angle adjustment precisely realised the three different CSC values with variations of 1.5% to 3%. This development contributes to selective weed control and supports farmers during harrowing.

中文翻译：

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使用数字图像分析自动调整谷物的耙松强度

精密耕作技术已应用于商业耙中，以提高春季谷物中除草耙的选择性。在耙测量农作物的覆盖前后分别安装数码相机。从这两个图像中计算出了土壤覆盖率（CSC）。在春季谷物中进行了八次田间试验。在四个实验中，通过速度，通过次数和尖齿角度改变了耙耙强度的模式。每种模式都有五种强度。在四个实验中，仅改变了耙地强度。耙耙后立即测量杂草防治功效（WCE）和CSC。耙地后14天评估作物的恢复。强度的模式没有显着差异。但是，强度对WCE和CSC有显着影响。谷物从10％的CSC中回收，CSC为10％时，选择性在恒定范围内。因此，10％CSC是决策算法的阈值。如果实际CSC低于10％CSC，则强度会增加。如果实际CSC高于10％，强度会降低。将图像分析，决策支持系统和通过耙齿角度的液压调节对耙地强度进行自动控制的方法安装在安装在耙上的控制器上。新系统已在其他现场研究中进行了测试。CSC的阈值设置为10％，30％和60％。自动尖齿角度调节可精确实现三种不同的CSC值，变化范围为1.5％至3％。这一发展有助于选择性控制杂草，并在耕种过程中为农民提供支持。强度增加。如果实际CSC高于10％，强度会降低。将图像分析，决策支持系统和通过耙齿角度的液压调节对耙地强度进行自动控制的方法安装在安装在耙上的控制器上。新系统已在其他现场研究中进行了测试。CSC的阈值设置为10％，30％和60％。自动尖齿角度调节可精确实现三种不同的CSC值，变化范围为1.5％至3％。这一发展有助于选择性控制杂草，并在耕种过程中为农民提供支持。强度增加。如果实际CSC高于10％，强度会降低。将图像分析，决策支持系统和通过耙齿角度的液压调节对耙地强度进行自动控制的方法安装在安装在耙上的控制器上。新系统已在其他现场研究中进行了测试。CSC的阈值设置为10％，30％和60％。自动尖齿角度调节可精确实现三种不同的CSC值，变化范围为1.5％至3％。这一发展有助于选择性控制杂草，并在耕种过程中为农民提供支持。新系统已在其他现场研究中进行了测试。CSC的阈值设置为10％，30％和60％。自动尖齿角度调节可精确实现三种不同的CSC值，变化范围为1.5％至3％。这一发展有助于选择性控制杂草，并在耕种过程中为农民提供支持。新系统已在其他现场研究中进行了测试。CSC的阈值设置为10％，30％和60％。自动尖齿角度调节可精确实现三种不同的CSC值，变化范围为1.5％至3％。这一发展有助于选择性控制杂草，并在耕种过程中为农民提供支持。