Background

Weight-bearing jump tests that measure lower-extremity muscle power may be more strongly related to physical performance measures vs. non-weight-bearing leg press power, leg press strength and grip strength. We investigated if multiple muscle function measures differentially related to standard physical performance measures.

Materials/methods

In the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study (DECOS; N = 68; age 78.5 ± 5.5 years; 57% women; 7% minorities), muscle function measures included power in Watts/kg (functional, weight-bearing: jump; mechanical: Nottingham power rig; Keiser pneumatic leg press) and strength in kg/kg body weight (Keiser pneumatic leg press; hand-held dynamometry). Physical performance outcomes included 6 m usual gait speed (m/s), usual-paced 400 m walk time (seconds), and 5-repeated chair stands speed (stands/s).

Results

Women (N = 31; 79.8 ± 5.0 years) had lower muscle function and slower gait speed compared to men (N = 25; 78.7 ± 6.6 years), though similar 400 m walk time and chair stands speed. In partial Pearson correlations adjusted for age, sex, race and height, muscle function measures were moderately to strongly correlated with each other (all p < 0.05), though the individual correlations varied. In multiple regression analyses, each muscle function measure was statistically associated with all physical performance outcomes in models adjusted for age, sex, race, height, self-reported diabetes, self-reported peripheral vascular disease and self-reported pain in legs/feet (all p < 0.05). Jump power (β = 0.75) and grip strength (β = 0.71) had higher magnitudes of association with faster gait speed than lower-extremity power and strength measures (β range: 0.32 to 0.58). Jump power (β = 0.56) had a slightly lower magnitude of association with faster 400 m walk time vs. Keiser power_{70% 1-RM} (β = 0.61), and a higher magnitude of association vs. Nottingham power, Keiser strength and grip strength (β range: 0.41 to 0.47). Jump power (β = 0.38) had a lower magnitude of association with chair stands speed than any other power or strength measures (β range: 0.50 to 0.65).

Conclusions

Jump power/kg and grip strength/kg may be more strongly related to faster gait speed, a standard measure of physical function and vital sign related to disability and mortality in older adults, compared to leg press power/strength. However, jump power/kg had a similar magnitude of association with 400 m walk time as Keiser power_{70% 1-RM}/kg and a lower magnitude of association with faster chair stands speed than the other muscle function measures. Importantly, choice of muscle function measures should carefully reflect the study focus and methodologic considerations, including population.

中文翻译：

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跳跃力、腿部推力、腿部力量和握力与身体表现不同：发展流行病学队列研究 (DECOS)

背景

测量下肢肌肉力量的负重跳跃测试与非负重腿部推举力量、腿部推举力量和握力力量相比，可能与身体表现测量更密切相关。我们调查了多项肌肉功能测量是否与标准身体表现测量有差异。

材料/方法

在发育流行病学队列研究（DECOS；N = 68；年龄 78.5 ± 5.5 岁；57% 女性；7% 少数族裔）中，肌肉功能测量包括以瓦特/千克为单位的功率（功能性、负重：跳跃；机械：诺丁汉功率装备；Keiser 气动腿压机）和以 kg/kg 体重为单位的强度（Keiser 气动腿压机；手持测力计）。身体表现结果包括 6 m 通常的步态速度 (m/s)、通常节奏的 400 m 步行时间 (秒) 和 5 次重复的椅子站立速度 (stands/s)。

结果

与男性（N = 25；78.7 ± 6.6 岁）相比，女性（N = 31；79.8 ± 5.0 岁）的肌肉功能较低，步态速度较慢，尽管 400 m 步行时间和椅子站立速度相似。在针对年龄、性别、种族和身高进行调整的部分 Pearson 相关性中，肌肉功能测量彼此之间存在中度至强相关性（所有 p < 0.05），尽管个体相关性有所不同。在多元回归分析中，每个肌肉功能测量值与模型中的所有身体表现结果在统计学上相关，这些结果已根据年龄、性别、种族、身高、自我报告的糖尿病、自我报告的外周血管疾病和自我报告的腿/脚疼痛进行了调整。所有 p < 0.05)。跳跃力 (β = 0.75) 和握力 (β = 0. 71) 与更快的步态速度的关联程度高于下肢力量和力量测量（β 范围：0.32 至 0.58）。跳跃功率 (β = 0.56) 与更快的 400 m 步行时间与 Keizer 功率的关联幅度略低_{70% 1-RM} (β = 0.61)，与诺丁汉力量、凯泽力量和握力相比，关联程度更高（β 范围：0.41 至 0.47）。与其他任何力量或力量测量相比，跳跃力量（β = 0.38）与椅子站立速度的关联程度较低（β 范围：0.50 至 0.65）。

结论

与腿部推举力量/力量相比，跳跃力量/公斤和握力/公斤可能与更快的步态速度密切相关，后者是老年人身体功能和与残疾和死亡率相关的生命体征的标准衡量标准。然而，与其他肌肉功能测量相比，Keizer 功率_{70% 1-RM} /kg 与 400 m 步行时间的关联程度与跳跃力量/kg 的关联程度相似，并且与更快的椅子站立速度的关联程度较低。重要的是，肌肉功能测量的选择应仔细反映研究重点和方法学考虑，包括人群。