Background

Little is known about radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF) from mobile technology and resulting dose in young people. We describe modeled integrated RF dose in European children and adolescents combining own mobile device use and surrounding sources.

Methods

Using an integrated RF model, we estimated the daily RF dose in the brain (whole-brain, cerebellum, frontal lobe, midbrain, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobes) and the whole-body in 8358 children (ages 8–12) and adolescents (ages 14–18) from the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland during 2012–2016. The integrated model estimated RF dose from near-field sources (digital enhanced communication technology (DECT) phone, mobile phone, tablet, and laptop) and far-field sources (mobile phone base stations via 3D-radiowave modeling or RF measurements).

Results

Adolescents were more frequent mobile phone users and experienced higher modeled RF doses in the whole-brain (median 330.4 mJ/kg/day) compared to children (median 81.8 mJ/kg/day). Children spent more time using tablets or laptops compared to adolescents, resulting in higher RF doses in the whole-body (median whole-body dose of 81.8 mJ/kg/day) compared to adolescents (41.9 mJ/kg/day). Among brain regions, temporal lobes received the highest RF dose (medians of 274.9 and 1786.5 mJ/kg/day in children and adolescents, respectively) followed by the frontal lobe. In most children and adolescents, calling on 2G networks was the main contributor to RF dose in the whole-brain (medians of 31.1 and 273.7 mJ/kg/day, respectively).

Conclusion

This first large study of RF dose to the brain and body of children and adolescents shows that mobile phone calls on 2G networks are the main determinants of brain dose, especially in temporal and frontal lobes, whereas whole-body doses were mostly determined by tablet and laptop use. The modeling of RF doses provides valuable input to epidemiological research and to potential risk management regarding RF exposure in young people.

中文翻译：

---

移动通信产生的射频电磁场：欧洲儿童和青少年在大脑区域和身体中模拟剂量的描述

背景

关于移动技术的射频电磁场（RF）及其在年轻人中的剂量知之甚少。我们描述了结合了自己的移动设备使用和周围环境的欧洲儿童和青少年中的模拟集成RF剂量。

方法

使用集成的RF模型，我们估算了8358名儿童（8至12岁）在大脑（全脑，小脑，额叶，中脑，枕叶，顶叶，颞叶）和全身的每日RF剂量。 2012-2016年期间来自荷兰，西班牙和瑞士的青少年（14至18岁）。集成模型估计了来自近场源（数字增强通信技术（DECT）电话，手机，平板电脑和笔记本电脑）和远场源（通过3D无线电波建模或RF测量的移动电话基站）的RF剂量。

结果

青少年使用手机的频率更高，与儿童（中位数81.8 mJ / kg /天）相比，全脑模型RF剂量较高（中值330.4 mJ / kg /天）。与青少年相比，儿童在平板电脑或笔记本电脑上花费的时间更多，因此与青少年（41.9 mJ / kg /天）相比，全身RF剂量更高（全身中位剂量为81.8 mJ / kg /天）。在大脑区域中，颞叶的RF剂量最高（儿童和青少年的中位数分别为274.9和1786.5 mJ / kg / day），其次是额叶。在大多数儿童和青少年中，呼吁使用2G网络是全脑RF剂量的主要来源（中位数分别为31.1和273.7 mJ / kg / day）。

结论

这项针对儿童和青少年的大脑和身体的射频剂量的首次大规模研究表明，在2G网络上的移动电话通话是大脑剂量的主要决定因素，尤其是在颞叶和额叶中，而全身剂量主要由平板电脑和笔记本电脑使用。RF剂量的建模为流行病学研究和有关年轻人RF暴露的潜在风险管理提供了宝贵的信息。