The spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a matter of global concern, and the identification of possible sources of the associated genetic elements (antibiotic resistance genes -ARGs-, components of the horizontal gene transfer mechanism), is becoming an urgent need. While the transmission of ARGs in medical settings have been adequately characterized, ARG propagation in agroecosystems remains insufficiently studied. Particularly crucial is the determination of potential risks associated to the use of swine slurries and related products as component of organic fertilizers, an increasingly used farming practice. We determined ARGs and antibiotic loads analyzed from swine slurries and digestates from eight farms from Catalonia (NE Spain), and compared the results with their microbiome composition. Both ARGs and antibiotic were conspicuous in farm organic wastes, and the levels of some antibiotics exceeded currently accepted minimum inhibitory concentrations. Particularly, the presence of high loads of fluoroquinolones was directly correlated to the prevalence of the related qnrS1 ARG in the slurry. We also found evidence that ARG loads were directly correlated to the prevalence of determined bacterial taxa (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaeta), a parameter that could be potentially modulated by the processing of the raw slurry prior to their use as fertilizer.

抗生素抗性在细菌中的传播已成为全球关注的问题，而鉴定相关遗传元素（抗生素抗性基因-ARGs-，水平基因转移机制的组成部分）的可能来源已成为迫切需要。虽然已经对ARG在医疗环境中的传播进行了充分的表征，但对ARG在农业生态系统中的传播仍未进行充分的研究。确定与使用猪粪及相关产品作为有机肥料成分有关的潜在风险尤其重要，这是一种越来越普遍的耕作方式。我们确定了来自加泰罗尼亚（西班牙东北部）加泰罗尼亚八个农场的猪粪便和消化物中分析的ARGs和抗生素含量，并将结果与​​其微生物组组成进行了比较。农场有机废物中的ARGs和抗生素都很明显，某些抗生素的含量超过了目前公认的最低抑菌浓度。特别是，高负荷的氟喹诺酮类药物的存在与相关疾病的患病率直接相关。浆液中的1n ARG。我们还发现有证据表明ARG负荷与确定的细菌类群（放线菌，变形杆菌，螺旋藻）的患病率直接相关，该参数可能通过在用作肥料之前处理未加工的泥浆而得到调节。