Abstract: In the past few years, we have witnessed great development and application potential of various up-conversion luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) in the nanomedicine field. Based on the unique luminescent mechanism of UCNPs and the distinguishable features of cancer biomarkers and the microenvironment, an increasing number of smart UCNPs nanoprobes have been designed and widely applied to molecular imaging, cancer diagnosis, and treatment. Considerable technological success has been achieved, but the main obstacles to oncology nanomedicine is becoming an incomplete understanding of nano–bio interactions, the challenges regarding chemistry manufacturing and controls required for clinical translation and so on. This review highlights the progress of the design principles, synthesis and surface functionalization preparation, underlying applications and challenges of UCNPs-based probes for cancer bioimaging, diagnosis and treatment that capitalize on our growing understanding of tumor biology and smart nano-devices for accelerating the commercialization of UCNPs.

Keywords: multimodal imaging, cancer biomarkers, tumor microenvironment


中文翻译：

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用于分子成像、癌症诊断和治疗的上转换发光纳米颗粒

摘要：在过去的几年里，我们见证了各种上转换发光纳米粒子（UCNPs）在纳米医学领域的巨大发展和应用潜力。基于UCNPs独特的发光机制以及癌症生物标志物和微环境的显着特征，越来越多的智能UCNPs纳米探针被设计出来并广泛应用于分子成像、癌症诊断和治疗。已经取得了相当大的技术成功，但肿瘤纳米医学的主要障碍是对纳米生物相互作用的不完全理解、临床转化所需的化学制造和控制方面的挑战等。这篇综述重点介绍了基于 UCNPs 的癌症生物成像、诊断和治疗探针的设计原理、合成和表面功能化制备的进展、潜在应用和挑战，这些探针利用了我们对肿瘤生物学和智能纳米器件日益增长的理解来加速商业化UCNP。

Keywords:多模态成像, 癌症生物标志物, 肿瘤微环境