Abstract: The rapid development of nanotechnology offers a variety of potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. High atomic element nanomaterials are often utilized as radiosensitizers due to their unique photoelectric decay characteristics. Among them, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are one of the most widely investigated and are considered to be an ideal radiosensitizers for radiotherapy due to their high X-ray absorption and unique physicochemical properties. Over the last few decades, multi-disciplinary studies have focused on the design and optimization of GNPs to achieve greater dosing capability and higher therapeutic effects and highlight potential mechanisms for radiosensitization of GNPs. Although the radiosensitizing potential of GNPs has been widely recognized, its clinical translation still faces many challenges. This review analyses the different roles of GNPs as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy and summarizes recent advances. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of GNP radiosensitization, including physical, chemical and biological mechanisms are discussed, which may provide new directions for the optimization and clinical transformation of next-generation GNPs.

Keywords: gold nanoparticles, cancer radiotherapy, radiosensitization, mechanisms


中文翻译：

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金纳米粒子在癌症放射治疗中作为放射增敏剂

摘要：纳米技术的迅速发展为癌症治疗提供了多种潜在的治疗策略。高原子元素纳米材料由于其独特的光电衰减特性而常被用作放射增敏剂。其中，金纳米颗粒（GNP）是研究最广泛的一种，由于其高X射线吸收和独特的理化特性，被认为是放射治疗的理想放射增敏剂。在过去的几十年中，多学科研究集中在GNP的设计和优化上，以实现更高的剂量能力和更高的治疗效果，并强调GNP放射增敏的潜在机制。尽管GNP的放射增敏潜力已得到广泛认可，但其临床翻译仍面临许多挑战。这篇综述分析了GNPs作为放射增敏剂在癌症放射治疗中的不同作用，并总结了最近的进展。此外，讨论了GNP放射增敏的潜在机制，包括物理，化学和生物学机制，这可能为下一代GNP的优化和临床转化提供新的方向。

关键词：金纳米粒子癌症放疗放射增敏作用机理