The combination of black TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) with a nickel catalyst provides a low-cost, sustainable, and reusable alternative dual catalytic system to a homogeneous counterpart (noble metals). This black TiO₂-photoredox/nickel dual catalytic system has efficiently driven C–P bond formation between aryl iodides and diarylphosphine oxides under visible light, providing good to excellent yields as well as tolerating a variety of functional groups. The practical application of this semi-heterogeneous protocol has been highlighted by a sunlight experiment, a gram-scale reaction, and a reusability test.

中文翻译：

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可见光介导的半异质黑色TiO2 /镍双催化C（sp2）–P对芳基膦酸酯的键形成

黑色TiO ₂纳米颗粒（NPs）与镍催化剂的结合提供了一种成本低廉，可持续且可重复使用的双重催化体系，取代了同类均质材料（贵金属）。这种黑色的TiO _2-光氧化还原/镍双催化体系在可见光下有效地驱动了芳基碘化物和二芳基膦氧化物之间的C–P键形成，提供了良好或优异的收率，并耐受各种官能团。这种半异构协议的实际应用已通过日光实验，克级反应和可重用性测试得到了强调。