The objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from items related to hygiene and antisepsis, equipment, and instruments used in different hospital wards. Bacterial isolation and identification, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility assays, mecA gene detection, and multiple antimicrobial resistance index analysis were performed. In total, 105 bacteria were isolated from 138 items. Of these, 49.52% bacteria were collected from instruments, 43.80% from equipment, and 6.66% from items related to hygiene and antisepsis. All gram-positive bacteria (88 isolates) were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Five species of gram-negative bacilli (17 isolates) were isolated, and the prevalence of Enterobacter agglomerans (29.41%), Escherichia coli (11.76%), and Serratia liquefaciens (11.76%) was high. Antimicrobial resistance was reported for 93.33% of the isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to sulfazotrim (88.64%) and penicillin (82.95%), while gram-negative bacteria showed resistance to sulfazotrim (70.59%) and ampicillin (64.71%). Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index showed that 73.33% of the isolates were a high risk to public health. The mecA gene was detected in 23 (71.88%) isolates. The evaluation of microorganisms isolated in the hospital environment revealed their high multidrug resistance index. Thus our study presses the need to pay more attention to the cleanliness of frequently used instruments, which may be potential sources of infections.

中文翻译：

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医院材料中具有多重耐药性的细菌

本研究的目的是确定从不同医院病房使用的卫生和消毒相关物品、设备和仪器中分离出的细菌的抗菌素耐药性。进行了细菌分离鉴定、表型抗菌药敏试验、mec A基因检测和多重耐药指数分析。总共从138个项目中分离出105个细菌。其中，49.52%的细菌来自仪器，43.80%来自设备，6.66%来自与卫生和防腐相关的物品。所有革兰氏阳性菌（88 株）均被鉴定为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。分离出5种革兰氏阴性杆菌（17株），成团肠杆菌流行情况(29.41%)、大肠杆菌(11.76%) 和液化沙雷氏菌(11.76%) 较高。93.33% 的分离株报告了抗生素耐药性。革兰氏阳性菌对磺胺唑啉（88.64%）和青霉素（82.95%）耐药，革兰氏阴性菌对磺胺唑啉（70.59%）和氨苄青霉素（64.71%）耐药。多重抗生素耐药指数分析表明，73.33%的分离株对公众健康具有高风险。在MEC在 23 个 (71.88%) 分离株中检测到一个基因。对医院环境中分离出的微生物的评估表明它们具有较高的多重耐药性指数。因此，我们的研究迫切需要更加关注常用器械的清洁度，这可能是潜在的感染源。