Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a technology that is widely used for the assessment of body composition. The method is based on the measurement of the electrical resistance of the body or a body region that can be quantitatively related to the amount of water in the tissues. Lymphedema is characterized, at least in its early stages, as an accumulation of lymph, an extracellular fluid. In the late 1980s, it was recognized that it might be possible to adapt BIS protocols to measure this increase in lymph volume. Subsequently, the use of BIS for the early detection of breast cancer-related lymphedema was demonstrated in the early 1990s, with BIS reference values indicative of lymphedema published in 2001. The subsequent two decades have seen BIS become a widely accepted method for lymphedema assessment. This review traces the evolution of the BIS technique since its inception and presents the current state of the art, with particular emphasis on utility in clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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生物电阻抗光谱在淋巴水肿评估中的三个十年：历史视角

生物电阻抗谱 (BIS) 是一种广泛用于评估身体成分的技术。该方法基于对身体或身体区域的电阻的测量，该电阻可以与组织中的水量定量相关。淋巴水肿的特征是，至少在其早期阶段，是淋巴液（一种细胞外液）的积聚。在 1980 年代后期，人们认识到可能可以调整 BIS 协议来测量淋巴量的这种增加。随后，在 1990 年代初期证明了 BIS 用于早期检测乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿的用途，BIS 参考值指示淋巴水肿于 2001 年发布。随后的二十年中，BIS 成为广泛接受的淋巴水肿评估方法。