Obesity is directly associated with the risk of cancer in different organs, including breast, colon, and kidney. However, adipocytes could be utilized to control progression for some types of cancer, such as leukemia and breast cancer. To explore the potential correlation between adipocytes and cancer, the combined effect of expression levels of obesity-related genes and clinical factors (i.e., gender, race, menopausal status, history of smoking, tumor grade, body mass index (BMI), and history of drinking) on cancer survival rate was systemically studied. The expression levels of obesity-related genes in cancer tissues and normal tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted using R programming language. The log-rank test was applied to explore the correlation between different clinical subgroups. The overexpression of the nine obesity-related genes (MC4R, TMEM18, KCTD15, GNPDA2, SH2B1, MTCH2, FTO, PCSK1, and GPR120) may associate with tumor-promoting factors in some organs (head and neck, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and gallbladder). Underexpressed LEPR, NEGR1, TMEM18, and SH2B1 genes prevented the progression and metastasis of kidney cancer. The combined effect of clinical factors and the expression levels of obesity-related genes on patients’ survival was found to be significant. Our outcomes suggested that the alternations of DNA methylation patterns could result in the changes of expression levels of obesity-related genes, playing a critical role in tumor progression. The results of the current study may be utilized to supplement precision and personalized medicine, as well as provide novel insights for the development of treatment approaches for cancer.

中文翻译：

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肥胖相关基因的表达水平与临床因素对癌症成活率的综合影响

肥胖与包括乳房，结肠和肾脏在内的不同器官的癌症风险直接相关。但是，脂肪细胞可用于控制某些类型的癌症（例如白血病和乳腺癌）的进展。为了探讨脂肪细胞与癌症之间的潜在相关性，肥胖相关基因的表达水平与临床因素（即性别，种族，绝经状态，吸烟史，肿瘤分级，体重指数（BMI）和病史）的综合作用饮酒）对癌症生存率的系统研究。肥胖相关基因在癌症组织和正常组织中的表达水平可从《癌症基因组图谱》（TCGA）下载。Kaplan–Meier曲线是使用R编程语言绘制的。对数秩检验用于探讨不同临床亚组之间的相关性。MC4R，TMEM18，KCTD15，GNPDA2，SH2B1，MTCH2，FTO，PCSK1和GPR120）可能与某些器官（头颈部，胃肠道，肝脏和胆囊）中的肿瘤促进因子有关。中低表达LEPR，NEGR1，TMEM18和SH2B1基因阻止了肾癌的发展和转移。发现临床因素和肥胖相关基因的表达水平对患者生存的综合影响是显着的。我们的结果表明，DNA甲基化模式的改变可能会导致肥胖相关基因的表达水平发生变化，从而在肿瘤进展中发挥关键作用。本研究的结果可用于补充精密和个性化医学，以及为癌症治疗方法的发展提供新颖的见解。