Climate change is expected to have complex effects on infectious diseases, causing some to increase, others to decrease, and many to shift their distributions. There have been several important advances in understanding the role of climate and climate change on wildlife and human infectious disease dynamics over the past several years. This essay examines 3 major areas of advancement, which include improvements to mechanistic disease models, investigations into the importance of climate variability to disease dynamics, and understanding the consequences of thermal mismatches between host and parasites. Applying the new information derived from these advances to climate–disease models and addressing the pressing knowledge gaps that we identify should improve the capacity to predict how climate change will affect disease risk for both wildlife and humans.

气候变化预计将对传染病产生复杂的影响，导致一些疾病增加，另一些疾病减少，还有许多改变其分布。过去几年，在了解气候和气候变化对野生动物和人类传染病动态的作用方面取得了一些重要进展。本文探讨了 3 个主要进展领域，其中包括机械疾病模型的改进、气候变化对疾病动态重要性的调查，以及了解宿主和寄生虫之间热不匹配的后果。将这些进展中获得的新信息应用于气候疾病模型并解决我们发现的紧迫知识差距，应该可以提高预测气候变化将如何影响野生动物和人类疾病风险的能力。