Exercise is associated with various health benefits, including the prevention and management of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, a strong heterogeneity in the adaptive response to exercise training exists. The objective of this study was to evaluate if changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) after acute aerobic exercise (AE) were associated with the responder phenotype following 6 weeks of resistance exercise training. This is a secondary analysis of plasma samples from the EXIT trial (clinical trial #02204670). Eleven sedentary youth with obesity (15.7 ± 0.5 years, BMI ≥ 95th percentile) underwent an acute bout of AE (60% heart rate reserve, 45 min). Blood was collected before exercise [at time (AT) 0 min], during [AT15, 30, 45 min], and 75 min after exercise [AT120]. Afterward, youth participated in 6 week resistance training program, and were categorized into responders (RE) or non-responders (NRE) based on changes in insulin sensitivity as measured by the Matsuda Index. EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography (Izon). The primary outcome variable was EV biophysical profile, which includes size, zeta potential, protein yield and expression of markers associated with EV subtypes. The variables were analyzed in a single-blind fashion. Overall, there was a general increase in EV production in both groups. Average EV size was larger in RE (~147 nm) vs. NRE (~124 nm; p<0.05). Average EV size at AT0 was associated with absolute change in Matsuda index following 6-weeks of resistance training (r=0.44, p=0.08). EV size distribution revealed RE preferentially expressed EVs between 150-250 nm in size, whereas NRE expressed EVs between 50-100 nm (p<0.05). At baseline, RE-EVs contained ~25% lower Tsg101 protein, ~85% higher MMP2 content, while CD63 levels remained unchanged between the groups. Total protein yield in RE-EVs was higher than NRE at AT15 (p<0.05). Our data suggest that youth with obesity that respond to exercise training produce larger EVs, with lower exosome- and higher microvesicle-specific protein expression. RE-EVs also had higher EV protein yield during AE. The relationship between larger EV subtypes and/or cargo, and the individual response to exercise has yet to be fully elucidated.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡可预测肥胖症青年对运动训练的个体反应

运动与各种健康益处相关，包括预防和管理肥胖症和心脏代谢危险因素。但是，在对运动训练的适应性反应中存在很强的异质性。这项研究的目的是评估在进行了6周的抵抗运动训练后，急性有氧运动（AE）后细胞外囊泡（EVs）的变化是否与反应者的表型有关。这是来自EXIT试验（临床试验＃02204670）的血浆样品的二次分析。十一名久坐的肥胖青年（15.7±0.5岁，BMI≥95％）接受了急性急性发作（60分钟心律储备，持续45分钟）。运动前[时间（AT）0分钟]，运动后[AT15、30、45分钟]和运动后75分钟[AT120]收集血液。之后，青年参加了为期6周的抵抗力训练计划，并根据通过Matsuda指数测量的胰岛素敏感性变化将其分为反应者（RE）或非反应者（NRE）。使用尺寸排阻色谱法（Izon）分离电动汽车。主要结果变量是EV生物物理特征，包括大小，ζ电势，蛋白质产量和与EV亚型相关的标志物的表达。以单盲方式分析变量。总体而言，两组的电动汽车产量普遍增加。RE（〜147 nm）相对于NRE（〜124 nm; p <0.05）的平均EV尺寸更大。经过6周的阻力训练后，AT0处的平均EV大小与松田指数的绝对变化相关（r = 0.44，p = 0.08）。EV大小分布显示，RE优先表达的EV在150-250 nm之间，而NRE表达的EV在50-100 nm之间（p <0.05）。基线时，RE-EVs的Tsg101蛋白含量降低约25％，MMP2含量升高约85％，而各组之间的CD63水平保持不变。RE-EV的总蛋白产量高于AT15的NRE（p <0.05）。我们的数据表明，对运动训练有反应的肥胖青年产生较大的EV，具有较低的外泌体和较高的微泡特异性蛋白表达。RE-EV在AE期间也具有较高的EV蛋白产量。较大的EV亚型和/或货物与个人对运动的反应之间的关系尚未完全阐明。RE-EV的总蛋白产量高于AT15的NRE（p <0.05）。我们的数据表明，对运动训练有反应的肥胖青年产生较大的EV，具有较低的外泌体和较高的微泡特异性蛋白表达。RE-EV在AE期间也具有较高的EV蛋白产量。较大的EV亚型和/或货物与个人对运动的反应之间的关系尚未完全阐明。RE-EV的总蛋白产量高于AT15的NRE（p <0.05）。我们的数据表明，肥胖的年轻人对运动训练有反应，会产生更大的电动汽车，其外泌体特异性蛋白和微囊泡特异性蛋白表达更低。RE-EV在AE期间也具有较高的EV蛋白产量。较大的EV亚型和/或货物与个人对运动的反应之间的关系尚未完全阐明。