State estimation plays a key role in the transition from the passive to the active operation of distribution systems, as it allows to monitor these networks and, successively, to perform control actions. However, designing state estimators for distribution systems carries a significant amount of challenges. This is due to the physical complexity of the networks, e.g., phase unbalance, and limited measurements. Furthermore, the features of the distribution system present significant local variations, e.g., voltage level and number and type of customers, which makes it hard to design a "one-size-fits-all" state estimator. The present paper introduces a unifying framework that allows to easily implement and compare diverse unbalanced static state estimation models. This is achieved by formulating state estimation as a general constrained optimization problem. The advantages of this approach are described and supported by numerical illustration on a large set of distribution feeders. The framework is also implemented and made available open-source.

中文翻译：

---

不平衡配电网中约束静态估计的框架

状态估计在配电系统从被动运行到主动运行的过渡中起着关键作用，因为它可以监视这些网络并相继执行控制操作。但是，为配电系统设计状态估计器会带来大量挑战。这是由于网络的物理复杂性，例如相位不平衡和有限的测量。此外，配电系统的特征呈现出显着的局部变化，例如电压水平以及客户的数量和类型，这使得难以设计“一刀切”的状态估计器。本文介绍了一个统一的框架，该框架允许轻松地实现和比较各种不平衡静态估计模型。这可以通过将状态估计公式化为一般的约束优化问题来实现。这种方法的优点已通过大量配电馈线上的数字说明得到描述和支持。该框架也已实现并开放源代码提供。