Battery energy storage is an essential component of a microgrid. The working temperature of the battery is an important factor as a high-temperature condition generally increases losses, reduces useful life, and can even lead to fire hazards. Hence, it is indispensable to regulate the temperature profile of the battery modules/packs properly in the battery energy storage during the operation. In view of this, a two-layer optimal control and operation scheme is proposed for a microgrid with energy storage. In the first layer, an optimal control model is formed to derive the optimal control policy that minimizes the control efforts, consisting of the fan speed and battery current magnitude, in order to achieve a temperature distribution reference over the battery modules. In the second layer, the system operator of the microgrid performs an optimal power flow to search for the optimal temperature distribution reference used in the first stage and the corresponding operating current of the battery that minimize the operation cost of the entire microgrid system. This two-layer scheme offers a great computational benefit that allows for large-scale integration of batteries. A case study is performed on the proposed two-layer model to illustrate its performance.

中文翻译：

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具有电池温度最佳控制和网络最佳功率流的两层框架

电池能量存储是微电网的重要组成部分。电池的工作温度是一个重要因素，因为高温条件通常会增加损耗，缩短使用寿命，甚至可能导致火灾。因此，在操作期间在电池储能器中适当地调节电池模块/电池组的温度曲线是必不可少的。有鉴于此，针对储能微电网提出了两层最优控制与运行方案。在第一层中，形成了一个最佳控制模型，以导出使风扇功率和电池电流幅值最小化的控制努力最小化的最佳控制策略，从而获得电池模块上的温度分布参考。在第二层 微电网的系统操作员执行最佳功率流，以搜索第一阶段中使用的最佳温度分布参考以及电池的相应工作电流，从而使整个微电网系统的运行成本降至最低。这种两层方案提供了巨大的计算优势，可以大规模集成电池。对建议的两层模型进行了案例研究，以说明其性能。