After a century of relative stability of the electricity industry, extensive deployment of distributed energy resources and recent advances in computation and communication technologies have changed the nature of how we consume, trade, and apply energy. The power system is facing a transition from its traditional hierarchical structure to a more deregulated model by introducing new energy distribution models such as peer-to-peer sharing for connected communities. The proven effectiveness of P2P sharing in benefiting both prosumers and the grid has been demonstrated in many studies and pilot projects. However, there is still no extensive implementation of such sharing models in today's electricity markets. This paper aims to shed some light on this gap through a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the P2P energy system and an insightful discussion of the challenges that need to be addressed in order to establish P2P sharing as a viable energy management option in today's electricity market. To this end, in this article, we provide some background on different aspects of P2P sharing. Then, we discuss advances in P2P sharing through a systematic domain-based classification. We also review different pilot projects on P2P sharing across the globe. Finally, we identify and discuss a number of challenges that need to be addressed for scaling up P2P sharing in the electricity market followed by concluding remarks at the end of the paper.

中文翻译：

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互联社区的点对点能源系统：近期进展和新挑战的回顾

经过一个世纪的电力行业相对稳定之后，分布式能源的广泛部署以及计算和通信技术的最新发展改变了我们消耗，交易和使用能源的方式。通过引入新的能源分配模型（例如，互联社区的对等共享），电力系统正面临着从传统的分层结构向管制放松的转变。在许多研究和试点项目中，已经证明了P2P共享在使生产者和电网受益方面的有效性。但是，在当今的电力市场中，仍没有广泛实施这种共享模型。本文旨在通过对P2P能源系统最新进展的全面概述以及对将P2P共享确立为当今电力市场中可行的能源管理选择所需要解决的挑战的深刻讨论，来阐明这一差距。为此，在本文中，我们提供了有关P2P共享不同方面的一些背景知识。然后，我们通过系统的基于域的分类讨论P2P共享的进展。我们还将审查全球范围内有关P2P共享的不同试点项目。最后，我们确定并讨论了在电力市场中扩大P2P共享所需解决的许多挑战，然后在本文结尾处作总结。