Nucleosides play central roles in all facets of life, from metabolism to cellular signaling. Because of their physiochemical properties, nucleosides are lipid bilayer impermeable and thus rely on dedicated transport systems to cross biological membranes. In humans, two unrelated protein families mediate nucleoside membrane transport: the concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporter families. The objective of this review is to provide a broad outlook on the current status of nucleoside transport research. We will discuss the role played by nucleoside transporters in human health and disease, with emphasis placed on recent structural advancements that have revealed detailed molecular principles of these important cellular transport systems and exploitable pharmacological features.

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人类细胞核苷转运的分子基础

核苷在生命的各个方面都发挥着核心作用，从新陈代谢到细胞信号传导。由于它们的物理化学特性，核苷是脂质双层不可渗透的，因此依赖于专用的运输系统来穿过生物膜。在人类中，两个不相关的蛋白质家族介导核苷膜转运：集中和平衡核苷转运蛋白家族。本综述的目的是对核苷转运研究的现状提供一个广阔的前景。我们将讨论核苷转运蛋白在人类健康和疾病中的作用，重点放在最近的结构进展上，这些进展揭示了这些重要细胞转运系统的详细分子原理和可利用的药理学特征。