Atomic interferometers have been studied as a promising device for precise sensing of external fields. Among various configurations, a particular configuration with a butterfly-shaped geometry has been designed to sensitively probe field gradients. We introduce a Stern-Gerlach (SG) butterfly interferometer by incorporating magnetic field in the conventional butterfly-shaped configuration. Atomic trajectories of the interferometer can be flexibly adjusted by controlling magnetic fields to increase the sensitivity of the interferometer, while the conventional butterfly interferometer using Raman transitions can be understood as a special case. We also show that the SG interferometer can keep high contrast against a misalignment in position and momentum caused by the field gradient.

中文翻译：

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使用具有蝶形几何形状的Stern-Gerlach原子干涉仪进行场梯度测量

原子干涉仪已被研究为一种精确检测外部场的有前途的设备。在各种配置中，具有蝶形几何形状的特定配置已被设计为敏感地探测场梯度。通过在传统的蝴蝶形配置中引入磁场，我们介绍了Stern-Gerlach（SG）蝴蝶干涉仪。可以通过控制磁场来灵活地调整干涉仪的原子轨迹，以增加干涉仪的灵敏度，而使用拉曼跃迁的传统蝶形干涉仪可以理解为一种特殊情况。我们还表明，SG干涉仪可以保持较高的对比度，以防止由磁场梯度引起的位置和动量失准。