Recent experiments on the flow of helium-4 fluid through nanopores with tunable pore radius provide a platform for studying the quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) superfluid behaviors. In the extreme 1D limit, the helium atoms are localized by disordered small variations in the substrate potential provided by the pore walls. In the limit of wide pore radius, a solid layer of helium-4 is expected to coat the pore walls smoothing out the substrate potential, and superfluidity is observed in the central region. Building on earlier quantum Monte Carlo results, we propose a scenario for this crossover using a shell model of coupled Luttinger liquids. We find that a small-radius pore will always localize the helium atoms, but above a critical radius, a single 1D channel flows through the pore and can be described by Luttinger liquid theory.

中文翻译：

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粗糙壁纳米孔中超流体的壳模型

氦4流体通过具有可调孔径的纳米孔的流动的最新实验为研究准一维（准1D）超流体行为提供了一个平台。在极端的一维极限下，氦原子被孔壁提供的底物电势的无序小变化所局限。在宽的孔半径的极限中，期望氦4的固体层覆盖孔壁，使基底电势变平滑，并且在中心区域观察到超流动性。基于早期的量子蒙特卡洛结果，我们使用耦合的Luttinger液体的壳模型为这种交叉提出了一个方案。我们发现，小半径的孔将始终定位氦原子，但是在临界半径以上，单个1D通道将流过该孔，并且可以用Luttinger液体理论来描述。