Abstract

Ananas comosus (A. comosus) is one of the many commercial crops in Asian countries well-known for its medicinal characteristics, and widely popular in the food industry. Nonetheless, large quantities of the antioxidant rich pineapple peels (PP) are discarded or used as animal fodder, thus the full potential of the PP for nanocosmeceutical applications remain untapped. This study assessed the use of D-optimal mixture design for optimizing droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) of PP extract nanoemulsion (AcPEN), for four different independent variables (olive oil, grapeseed oil, Tween 80, water). The identified best formulation indicated satisfactory agreement, with the percentage prediction error (PPE) for the actual and predicted values being less than 10%. The optimized AcPEN (OPT-AcPEN) was organoleptically characterized and the Transmission Electron Micrograph corroborated the minimum droplet size and PDI of OPT-AcPEN being <200 nm and < 0.25, respectively. The OPT-AcPEN was stable under different storage conditions for up to 90 days, and the corresponding repeated centrifugation and freeze-thaw tests retaining the recommended pH of between 4 − 6 for topical skin application. Pertinently, the shear thinning and pseudoplastic behavior seen from the rheology results implied the suitability of OPT-AcPEN as a topical cosmeceutical nanoemulsion and could meet user’s requirements.

摘要

凤梨（A. comosus）是亚洲国家众多经济作物之一，以其药用特性而闻名，在食品工业中广受欢迎。尽管如此，大量富含抗氧化剂的菠萝皮 (PP) 被丢弃或用作动物饲料，因此 PP 在纳米药妆应用中的全部潜力仍未开发。本研究评估了使用 D 最优混合物设计优化 PP 提取物纳米乳液 ( Ac ) 的液滴尺寸和多分散指数 (PDI)PEN），用于四个不同的自变量（橄榄油、葡萄籽油、吐温 80、水）。确定的最佳配方表明了令人满意的一致性，实际值和预测值的百分比预测误差 (PPE) 小于 10%。优化的Ac PEN (OPT- Ac PEN) 进行了感官表征，透射电子显微照片证实了 OPT- Ac PEN的最小液滴尺寸和 PDI分别为 < 200 nm 和 < 0.25。OPT- AcPEN 在不同的储存条件下稳定长达 90 天，相应的重复离心和冻融测试保持推荐的 4-6 之间的 pH 值，用于局部皮肤应用。相应地，从流变学结果中看到的剪切变稀和假塑性行为暗示了 OPT- Ac PEN 作为局部药妆纳米乳液的适用性，可以满足用户的要求。