ABSTRACT Ginger is a major spice crop cultivated in subtropical to subtemperate regions of the world. A comprehensive evaluation of various nutrient management practices in ginger was undertaken, during 2015–2019, by taking various soil properties, plant yield, and quality, crop and soil quality, and economics under consideration. Fourteen nutrient management technologies including farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), urea, single superphosphate, and muriate of potash were incorporated. The study concluded that 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) and FYM was most effective in increasing soil nutrient status and recorded the highest soil-quality index (SQI) of 0.91, while 100% NPK through FYM improved soil organic carbon, physical and microbiological properties. Integrated nutrient management increased SQI to 0.63, while organic management increased it to 0.36. However, the application of 75% RDN + 25% N through VC recorded higher yield and crop quality and registered 103.1%, 21.9%, and 75.7% higher yield over absolute control, RDN, and organic management, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (48.6%), agronomic efficiency (64.6 kg kg−1), Nitrogen Harvest Index (70.8%), Potassium Harvest Index (72.1%), and Harvest Index (71.4%) were highest under this treatment. The highest crop quality index (20.0), net returns (8210 US$ ha−1), and marginal rate of return (4.89) were also obtained with this treatment. Hence, 75% RDN + 25% recommended N through VC can be recommended to farmers over absolutely organic and 100% RDN management, in terms of being a cost-effective nutrient module for getting superior quality yields on a sustainable basis and for improving soil health.

中文翻译：

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亚热带至亚温带条件下生姜生产质量、肥料使用效率和经济性的各种营养管理技术评估

摘要 姜是世界亚热带至亚温带地区栽培的主要香料作物。在 2015-2019 年期间，通过考虑各种土壤特性、植物产量和质量、作物和土壤质量以及经济性，对生姜的各种养分管理实践进行了综合评估。结合了农家肥（FYM）、蚯蚓粪（VC）、尿素、过磷酸钙、钾肥等十四种养分管理技术。该研究得出的结论是，100% 推荐剂量的氮 (RDN) 和 FYM 对提高土壤养分状况最有效，土壤质量指数 (SQI) 最高，为 0.91，而 100% NPK 通过 FYM 改善了土壤有机碳、物理和微生物特性。综合营养管理将 SQI 提高到 0.63，而有机管理将其增加到 0.36。然而，通过 VC 施用 75% RDN + 25% N 记录了更高的产量和作物质量，并且分别比绝对控制、RDN 和有机管理的产量高 103.1%、21.9% 和 75.7%。在该处理下，氮利用效率（48.6%）、农艺效率（64.6 kg kg-1）、氮收获指数（70.8%）、钾收获指数（72.1%）和收获指数（71.4%）最高。这种处理还获得了最高的作物质量指数 (20.0)、净收益 (8210 美元 ha−1) 和边际收益率 (4.89)。因此，可以向农民推荐 75% RDN + 25% 推荐 N 到 VC，而不是绝对有机和 100% RDN 管理，