In breeding programs, superior parental genotypes are used in crosses to generate novel genetic variability for new selection cycles. Genotypes are usually more adapted to environments where the breeding program is located, since selections are performed under specific agroecosystems. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of bermudagrass (Cynodon Rich. species), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia Willd. species) breeding lines from five different breeding programs (North Carolina State University, Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M University System, University of Florida, and University of Georgia) across the southeastern United States. Three breeding nurseries for each species were evaluated for 2 yr at eight locations: Citra and Hague, FL; College Station and Dallas, TX; Griffin and Tifton, GA; Stillwater, OK; and Jackson Springs, NC. Turfgrass quality (TQ) was evaluated (rated on a 1–9 scale) across repeated measurements over time. Data were analyzed using mixed models, and principal component analyses were performed using predicted genotypic values. The narrowest range in variation for TQ performance was observed in seashore paspalum breeding lines, whereas greater variation was observed for St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrasses. St. Augustinegrass presented the lowest genotype × environment interaction in all nurseries. Specific adaptability was not observed for the lines developed by different breeding programs, with the exception of the bermudagrass lines from Oklahoma State University in Nursery 3.

中文翻译：

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美国东南部五个草坪育种计划中草坪质量的多物种基因型×环境相互作用

在育种计划中，优良的亲本基因型被用于杂交，为新的选择周期产生新的遗传变异。基因型通常更适应育种计划所在的环境，因为选择是在特定的农业生态系统下进行的。因此，本研究的目的是评估狗牙根 ( Cynodon Rich. 物种)、圣奥古斯丁草[ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze]、海滨雀稗 ( Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) 和结缕草 ( Zoysia) 的性能威尔德。物种）来自美国东南部五个不同育种计划（北卡罗来纳州立大学、俄克拉荷马州立大学、德克萨斯农工大学系统、佛罗里达大学和乔治亚大学）的育种系。每个物种的三个育种苗圃在八个地点进行了为期 2 年的评估：西特拉和海牙，佛罗里达州；大学站和德克萨斯州达拉斯；乔治亚州格里芬和蒂夫顿；斯蒂尔沃特，好的；和杰克逊斯普林斯，北卡罗来纳州。随着时间的推移，通过重复测量评估草坪质量 (TQ)（按 1-9 级评分）。使用混合模型分析数据，并使用预测的基因型值进行主成分分析。在海滨雀稗育种品系中观察到的 TQ 性能变化范围最窄，而在圣奥古斯丁草和结缕草中观察到更大的变化。St. Augustinegrass 在所有苗圃中表现出最低的基因型 × 环境相互作用。除了来自俄克拉荷马州立大学苗圃 3 的狗牙根品系外，没有观察到由不同育种计划开发的品系具有特定的适应性。