The appearance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) plasma viremia is associated with progression to symptomatic disease and CD4⁺ T cell depletion. To locate the source of systemic viremia, this study employed a novel method to trace HIV‐1 infection in vivo. We created JRCSFξnef, a pool of infectious HIV‐1 (strain JR‐CSF) with highly mutated nef gene regions by random mutagenesis PCR and infected this mutated virus pool into both Jurkat‐CCR5 cells and hematopoietic stem cell‐transplanted humanized mice. Infection resulted in systemic plasma viremia in humanized mice and viral RNA sequencing helped us to identify multiple lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow but not peripheral blood cells as the source of systemic viremia. Our data suggest that this method could be useful for the tracing of viral trafficking in vivo.

中文翻译：

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使用人工突变病毒库进行体内系统性病毒血症的 HIV-1 追踪方法

1 型人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV-1) 血浆病毒血症的出现与有症状的疾病进展和 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞耗竭有关。为了定位系统性病毒血症的来源，本研究采用了一种新方法来追踪体内 HIV-1 感染。我们创建了 JRCSFξ nef，这是一个具有高度突变nef的传染性 HIV-1（JR-CSF 菌株）池通过随机诱变 PCR 检测基因区域，并将这种突变的病毒库感染到 Jurkat-CCR5 细胞和造血干细胞移植的人源化小鼠中。感染导致人源化小鼠全身血浆病毒血症，病毒 RNA 测序帮助我们确定了多个淋巴器官，如脾、淋巴结和骨髓，但不是外周血细胞作为全身病毒血症的来源。我们的数据表明，这种方法可用于追踪体内病毒贩运。