Cardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC‐CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC‐CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three‐dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC‐CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three‐dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC‐CMs.

中文翻译：

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设计合成微环境以促进人多能干细胞衍生的心肌细胞成熟

人多能干细胞（hPSC-CMs）衍生的心肌样细胞在疾病建模、药物筛选和临床治疗等诸多领域具有良好的应用前景。然而，与成人心肌细胞相比，hPSC-CMs 不成熟这一事实严重阻碍了这些研究。因此，人们开发了许多方法，如基因操作、生化因子补充、机械应力、电刺激和三维培养，以促进 hPSC-CMs 的成熟。最近，基于心肌细胞的体内发育程序建立体外合成的人工微环境，由于其固有的特性，如刚度、可塑性、纳米形貌和化学功能性而备受关注。在本次审查中，