Background

Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine with inflammatory and apoptotic properties. A complex relationship exists between TRAIL and the lung where both elevated TRAIL and TRAIL deficiency are associated with lung impairment. In neonatal mice, TRAIL is thought to translate respiratory infections into chronic lung disease but the association between TRAIL and lung function in childhood has not been assessed.

Aim

To assess the cross-sectional relationship between TRAIL levels and lung function in school-aged children.

Methods

The study cohort consisted of 170 school-aged children attending four schools in Malmö, Sweden. Lung volumes, impulse oscillometry (IOS) and serum TRAIL were measured for all children. Linear regression was used to assess changes in lung function per 1-SD increase in TRAIL. General linear models were used to assess mean lung function by tertiles (T) of TRAIL.

Results

Mean age was 9.9 years (±0.6). A 1-SD increase in TRAIL was associated with lower values of FEV₁ and FEV₁/VC (change in FEV₁ (L) and FEV₁/VC ratio: −0.047, p-value 0.002, and −0.011, p-value 0.020, respectively) and higher values of lung resistance (change in R₅ and R₂₀ (kPa/(L/s)): 0.035, p-value <0.001 and 0.027, p-value 0.004, respectively). These associations remained significant after excluding children with pre-existing lung disease. Higher TRAIL levels were associated with more negative values for X₅ in general linear models (Mean X₅ (kPa/(L/s)) in T1 (low TRAIL): −0.193 vs T3 (high TRAIL): −0.216, p-value 0.026).

Conclusions

High TRAIL levels are significantly associated with markers of pulmonary airflow obstruction in school-aged children.

中文翻译：

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肺功能与学龄儿童肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）水平相关

背景

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体 (TRAIL) 是一种具有炎症和凋亡特性的细胞因子。TRAIL 和肺之间存在复杂的关系，其中升高的 TRAIL 和 TRAIL 缺乏都与肺损伤有关。在新生小鼠中，TRAIL 被认为将呼吸道感染转化为慢性肺病，但尚未评估 TRAIL 与儿童肺功能之间的关联。

目的

评估学龄儿童 TRAIL 水平与肺功能之间的横断面关系。

方法

该研究队列包括在瑞典马尔默的四所学校就读的 170 名学龄儿童。测量所有儿童的肺容积、脉冲示波法 (IOS) 和血清 TRAIL。使用线性回归来评估 TRAIL 每增加 1-SD 的肺功能变化。使用通用线性模型通过 TRAIL 的三分位数 (T) 评估平均肺功能。

结果

平均年龄为 9.9 岁 (±0.6)。TRAIL 增加 1-SD 与较低的 FEV ₁和 FEV ₁ /VC值相关（FEV ₁ (L) 和 FEV ₁ /VC 比率的变化：-0.047，p 值 0.002 和 -0.011，p 值0.020) 和更高的肺阻力值（R ₅和 R _{20 的变化}(kPa/(L/s))：0.035，p 值 <0.001 和 0.027，p 值分别为 0.004）。在排除先前患有肺部疾病的儿童后，这些关联仍然显着。在 T1（低 TRAIL）中的一般线性模型（平均 X ₅ (kPa/(L/s)）中，较高的 TRAIL 水平与 X _{5 的}更多负值相关联：-0.193 vs T3（高 TRAIL）：-0.216，p-值 0.026）。

结论

高 TRAIL 水平与学龄儿童肺气流阻塞的标志物显着相关。