Waste-to-energy (WTE) is the focus of academia and industry triggered by the over-increasing amount of waste and rapidly depleting energy resources. Designing a waste-to-energy supply chain, focusing on supply its supply chain aspects, this study aims at converting the waste into profit, reducing the environmental pollution, and generating the energy from bio-waste. The proposed model considers a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a waste collection center and a biogas production plant. The rate of return at collection center is improved by employing effective return policy, which is modeled by using the sigmoid function. The collected bio-waste is converted into biogas and fertilizer at a biogas production plant. An energy feasibility condition is developed to decide the supply of required energy for operating the production plant from its own output. Besides fulfilling the plant’s energy requirements, excess amount of the biogas and all the amount of fertilizer is sold in market for earning profit. The study objective is defined as total profit of the supply chain in form of a mathematical model, which is maximized by searching the optimal solution for cycle time and acquisition/incentive cost. The results of the study exhibit almost complete (97%) removal of the organic waste, production of a substantial amount of energy (14.8 megawatt), and creation of a significant amount of profit ($23908/month) for the considered setup. Based on the proposed feasibility condition, the environmental, economic and energy feasibilities of the WTE system are calculated in three different scenarios. The proposed model is applicable to the domestic as well as commercial setup of biogas production plants for optimizing the supply chain system and obtaining the aforementioned benefits.

废物转化为能源（WTE）是学术界和工业界关注的焦点，这是废物数量过度增加和能源资源迅速枯竭引发的。本研究旨在设计废物转化为能源的供应链，着眼于其供应链的各个方面，旨在将废物转化为利润，减少环境污染并从生物废物中产生能量。提议的模型考虑了由废物收集中心和沼气生产厂组成的两级供应链。通过采用有效的退货政策来提高收集中心的退货率，有效的退货政策是通过使用S型函数建模的。收集的生物废料在沼气生产厂转化为沼气和肥料。开发了能源可行性条件，以从其自身的输出中决定生产工厂运行所需的能源供应。除了满足工厂的能源需求外，多余的沼气和所有肥料也都在市场上出售以获利。研究目标定义为数学模型形式的供应链总利润，可以通过搜索周期时间和购置/激励成本的最佳解决方案来最大化该利润。该研究的结果表明，对于所考虑的装置，有机废物的去除几乎完全（97％），产生了大量的能源（14.8兆瓦），并且创造了可观的利润（23908美元/月）。根据拟议的可行性条件，环境，在三种不同的情况下计算WTE系统的经济和能源可行性。所提出的模型适用于沼气生产厂的国内和商业设置，以优化供应链系统并获得上述收益。