Abstract The rational design and subsequent growth of apposite nanostructured transition metal sulfide on conductive scaffold with auspicious morphology to produce an advanced electrode material for supercapacitors is highly desirable to boost the electrochemical performance. Herein, a simplistic two-step strategy is designed to grow 3D-networked and mesoporous Zn–Ni–Co–S nanowire-like arrays (NWAs) on a Ni-foam scaffold, which includes the hydrothermal growth of Zn–Ni–Co-based hydroxyl precursor, followed by an effective sulfidation process. When employed as a free-standing electrode for supercapacitors, Zn–Ni–Co–S NWAs electrode delivers superb capacity of 418.2 mA h g-1 at 4.6 mA cm-2, good rate capability (233.3 mA h g-1 at 50 mA cm-2), and long cycle longevity (∼89% of capacity retained after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device was constructed based on Zn–Ni–Co-S NWAs as cathode and graphitic carbon nitride/graphene as anode materials, achieves a cell capacity of 110.7 mA h g-1 at 5 mA cm-2, superior capacity retention (54% at 75 mA cm-2) and superb cyclic performance (93% after 10,000 cycles). The device delivers a superb energy density of 88.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of 419.4 W kg−1, and upholds an energy density of 47.6 W h kg−1 at a high power density of 7048.4 W kg−1.

中文翻译：

---

用于固态非对称超级电容器的分层 Zn-Ni-Co-S 纳米线阵列和石墨氮化碳/石墨烯的制备

摘要 在具有良好形态的导电支架上合理设计和随后生长适当的纳米结构过渡金属硫化物，以生产用于超级电容器的先进电极材料，对于提高电化学性能非常有必要。在此，设计了一种简单的两步策略在镍泡沫支架上生长 3D 网络化和介孔 Zn-Ni-Co-S 纳米线状阵列（NWA），其中包括 Zn-Ni-Co-的水热生长。基羟基前体，然后是有效的硫化过程。当用作超级电容器的独立电极时，Zn-Ni-Co-S NWAs 电极在 4.6 mA cm-2 下提供了 418.2 mA h g-1 的出色容量，良好的倍率性能（在 50 mA 下为 233.3 mA h g-1 cm-2) 和长循环寿命（10,000 次循环后保留约 89% 的容量）。此外，基于Zn-Ni-Co-S NWAs作为阴极，石墨氮化碳/石墨烯作为阳极材料，构建了固态不对称超级电容器装置，在5 mA cm-2下实现了110.7 mAh g-1的电池容量，具有优越的性能。容量保持率（75 mA cm-2 时为 54%）和出色的循环性能（10,000 次循环后为 93%）。该器件在 419.4 W kg-1 的功率密度下提供了 88.6 W h kg-1 的卓越能量密度，并在 7048.4 W kg-1 的高功率密度下保持了 47.6 W h kg-1 的能量密度。