The kaolin and alunite deposits, situated approximately 20 km southeast of Aksaray in Central Anatolia, were formed by hydrothermal alteration related to extensional tectonics from the Upper Miocene to Quaternary, mostly from rhyolitic volcanoclastic rocks. The mineralogical and geochemical properties of the deposits were investigated to explain the stages of hydrothermal alteration and the origin of the deposits. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical and stable isotope (O, H, and S) studies were carried out on the alteration minerals (e.g., kaolinite, gypsum, alunite, native sulfur and smectite) of the deposits.

Kaolinite/halloysite minerals were determined along with mostly alunite- and silica-group minerals (α-quartz, opal-CT, and tridymite), feldspar, native (elemental) sulfur, and partial hematite, goethite, gypsum, cinnabar and realgar. The δ³⁴S isotope values for alunite, gypsum and native sulfur are in a fairly narrow range and vary from 5.03 to 6.62‰, 4.5–5.24‰ and 5.97–7.49‰, respectively. The δ¹⁸O values of the kaolinites and smectites vary from +1.8 to +13.3‰ and from −98 to −152‰, respectively, and their δD values range from −4.2 to 15.7‰ and from −93 to −191‰, respectively, showing a spread that is very close the primitive magmatic water line. From the δ¹⁸O values, the calculated formation temperatures of the kaolinites and smectites range from 38 to 135 °C and from 29 to 189 °C, respectively. The δ¹⁸O values of the alunites and amorphous silica vary from 4.4 to 8.9‰ and from −1.1 to 8.4‰, respectively, and the δD values vary from −72 to −87‰, and from −104 to −191‰, respectively. In addition, the formation temperatures of alunite and amorphous silica minerals range from 57 to 100 °C and from 139 to 281 °C, respectively. Hydrothermal alteration progressed in different stages between 29 and 281 °C according to the calculated modal formation temperatures. The isotopic mineral data suggest that the original hydrothermal waters were a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters. Oxygen and deuterium analyses indicate that kaolinite and alunite formed at lower temperatures than smectite and silica minerals. The determined stable isotopic compositions of the minerals indicate that hydrothermal solutions at different compositions and temperatures played important roles in the formation of minerals. The determined neoformed minerals may have been formed by steam-heated hydrothermal solutions sourced from rhyolitic magma and are mostly of hypogene origin.

位于安纳托利亚中部阿克萨赖（Aksaray）东南约20公里处的高岭土和亚矾石矿床，是由与中新世到第四纪伸展构造有关的热液蚀变形成的，大部分是流纹质火山碎屑岩形成的。研究了矿床的矿物学和地球化学特性，以解释水热蚀变的阶段和矿床的成因。对蚀变矿物（例如高岭石，石膏，亚矾石，天然硫和蒙脱石）进行了X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及化学和稳定同位素（O，H和S）的研究。的存款。

确定了高岭石/硅藻土矿物，以及大部分为亚矾石和硅石族矿物（α-石英，蛋白石CT和鳞石英），长石，天然（元素）硫和部分赤铁矿，针铁矿，石膏，朱砂和雄黄。的δ ³⁴为明矾石，石膏，天然硫（S）同位素值‰，分别4.5-5.24‰，5.97-7.49是在一个相当窄的范围内变化和从5.03到6.62‰。的δ ^18个的高岭土的O值和蒙脱石分别改变从1.8到13.3 +‰和-98从到-152‰，分别与它们的δD值的范围为-4.2至15.7‰和-93从-191到‰， ，显示出与原始岩浆水线非常接近的扩散。从δ ¹⁸O值，计算得出的高岭石和蒙脱石的形成温度分别为38至135°C和29至189°C。该δ ¹⁸铝矾石和无定形二氧化硅的O值分别为4.4至8.9‰和-1.1至8.4‰，δD值分别为-72至-87‰和-104至-191‰。此外，亚矾石和无定形二氧化硅矿物的形成温度分别为57至100°C和139至281°C。根据计算出的模态地层温度，水热蚀变在29至281°C的不同阶段进行。同位素矿物数据表明，原始热液水是岩浆水和陨石水的混合物。氧气和氘气分析表明，高岭石和亚矾石的形成温度低于蒙脱石和二氧化硅矿物。确定的稳定的矿物同位素组成表明，不同组成和温度的水热溶液在矿物的形成中起着重要作用。确定的新形成的矿物可能是由流纹岩浆来源的蒸汽加热的热液溶液形成的，并且多数是次生起源的。