Abstract—

We have carried out a field experiment to study the migration of Ni, Cu, and Co from the organic horizon of Al–Fe-humus podzols polluted with heavy metals (HMs) to the dominant species of dwarf shrubs, mosses, and lichens forming the ground vegetation layer in middle-aged pine forests. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) the introduction of metallurgical dust causes destruction of ground vegetation layer even in the absence of sulfur dioxide; (2) the destruction of this layer is caused by high concentrations of HMs in the aboveground organs of plants and lichens, which lead to their death; and (3) the level of HM accumulation by different taxa is directly correlated with their strategy of mineral nutrition. The contents of Ni, Cu, and Co in the organic horizon of podzols and in the assimilatory organs of dominant dwarf shrub, moss, and lichen species were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. High inter- and intracenotic variation in the level of HM pollution of the soil organic horizon was revealed, which caused spatially uneven destruction of the ground vegetation layer. The translocation of HMs from the polluted soil to the aboveground parts of plants and lichens leads to a 1.5- to 5-fold increase in the content of HMs in all species, which does not exceed the toxicity threshold and does not prevent their growth in the experimental plots. The introduction of metallurgical dust over 5 years made the level of pollution of the organic soil horizon comparable to that in the buffer zone of the Severonikel Plant. This made it possible to compare the HM content in plants and lichens under the conditions of soil and aerotechnogenic pollution and determine the features of HM accumulation by organisms with different strategies of mineral nutrition. The Ni < Cu concentration ratio in the organic soil horizon is reversed in the leaves of dwarf shrubs and green and brown parts of moss Pleurozium schreberi under conditions of either soil pollution and aerotechnogenic pollution.

中文翻译：

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可乐半岛田间试验条件下重金属从污染土壤向植物和地衣的迁移

摘要-

我们已经进行了一项野外实验，研究了镍，铜和钴从受重金属（HMs）污染的铝铁腐殖质土壤中的有机层向矮灌木，苔藓和地衣的优势种的迁移。中年松树林中的地面植被层。测试了以下假设：（1）即使没有二氧化硫，冶金粉尘的引入也会破坏地面植被。（2）该层的破坏是由植物​​和地衣的地上器官中高浓度的HM引起的，导致它们的死亡；（3）不同类群的重金属积累水平与其矿质营养策略直接相关。of足有机层和优势矮灌木丛，苔藓，同化器官中的镍，铜和钴含量 原子吸收光谱法测定地衣和地衣种类。结果表明，土壤有机层的重金属污染水平存在着较高的内部和内部变化，这引起了地面植被层的空间不均匀破坏。HMs从污染土壤向植物和地衣的地上部分的迁移导致所有物种中HMs含量增加1.5至5倍，这没有超过毒性阈值，也没有阻止它们在植物中的生长。实验区。过去5年中引入的冶金粉尘使有机土壤层的污染水平与Severonikel工厂缓冲带的水平相当。这使得可以比较土壤和航空技术污染条件下植物和地衣中的HM含量，并确定具有不同矿物质营养策略的生物对HM积累的特征。在矮化灌木的叶子和苔藓的绿色和棕色部分的叶子中，有机土壤层中的Ni <Cu浓度比被反转在土壤污染和航空技术污染的条件下，Pleurozium schreberi。