Abstract

For successful survival and reproduction in various environmental conditions, over the course of evolution, plants have formed a complex of regulatory mechanisms that control their development depending on environmental changes. The transition of plants to sexual reproduction is an important stage in their life cycle, and depending on the growing conditions, different groups of plants choose optimal periods to induce this development program. The initiation of flowering in angiosperms is controlled by a series of complex regulatory pathways that integrate information from the environment, primarily temperature and photoperiod, which are indicators of the changing seasons and thus signals for starting the flowering program. In Arabidopsis thaliana, one of the key regulators of flowering is the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, a florigen, whose homologs have been found in other angiosperms. This review considers molecular mechanisms of flowering regulation with the participation of FT-like proteins in different plant groups, as well as the role of these proteins in other developmental processes. Particular attention is paid to the evolutionary changes that occurred in FT-like genes during adaptation to certain environmental conditions, as well as during plant breeding.

中文翻译：

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开花控制的进化方面：Florigens和抗Florigens

摘要

为了在各种环境条件下成功存活和繁殖，在进化过程中，植物形成了复杂的调控机制，这些调控机制根据环境变化来控制其发育。植物向有性生殖的过渡是其生命周期中的重要阶段，并且根据生长条件，不同的植物群会选择最佳时期来诱导该发育计划。被子植物开花的开始受一系列复杂的调控途径控制，这些途径整合了来自环境的信息，主要是温度和光周期，这些信息是季节变化的指标，因此是开始开花程序的信号。在拟南芥中，开花的关键调节剂之一是FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT）蛋白，一种植物荧光素，其同系物已在其他被子植物中发现。这篇综述考虑了FT样蛋白参与不同植物群的开花调节的分子机制，以及这些蛋白在其他发育过程中的作用。特别注意在适应某些环境条件期间以及植物育种过程中，类似FT的基因发生的进化变化。