Abstract

Flavonoid pigments are a group of secondary plant metabolites. Interest in these compounds is determined by a wide range of their biological properties; thus the saturation of edible parts of plants, in particular, cereal grains, with flavonoids is an urgent task today. The synthesis of flavonoid pigments can be observed in the testa, pericarp, aleurone layer, and grain endosperm in representatives of most cereal crops (maize Zea mays L., rice Oryza sativa L., bread wheat Triticum aestivum L., barley Hordeum vulgare L., rye Secale cereale L., sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench., etc.), which is consistent with N.I. Vavilov’s law of homologous series in hereditary variation. However, according to some features, certain types of variability are not observed: for example, in some representatives of the tribe Triticeae, no forms synthesizing anthocyanins in the aleurone layer are found. Homologous series have not been identified for some unique features. For example, compounds belonging to the group of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins having a yellow-orange color uncharacteristic of cereal crops are synthesized in the pericarp only in sorghum. This review provides information on the genetic diversity and biosynthesis of flavonoid pigments in the cereal grains, characterizing the nature of the observed patterns and exceptions to Vavilov’s law.

中文翻译：

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禾本科代表粒中类黄酮颜料的合成：NI Vavilov同源序列的一般模式和例外

摘要

类黄酮颜料是一组次生植物代谢产物。对这些化合物的兴趣取决于其广泛的生物学特性。因此，如今，植物中的可食用部分，特别是谷物中的黄酮类化合物饱和已成为当务之急。在大多数谷物农作物的代表（玉米，玉米大米，水稻，普通小麦，大麦大麦L）中，在睾丸，果皮，糊粉层和谷物胚乳中都可以观察到类黄酮色素的合成。。，黑麦Secale谷物L.，高粱高粱（L.）Moench。等），这与NI Vavilov的遗传变异同源序列定律是一致的。但是，根据某些特征，未观察到某些类型的可变性：例如，在黑麦部落的某些代表中，在糊粉层中未发现合成花色苷的形式。同源序列尚未发现某些独特功能。例如，仅在高粱的果皮中合成属于谷物农作物的黄橙色特征的3-脱氧花青素类化合物。这篇综述提供了谷物中黄酮类色素的遗传多样性和生物合成信息，表征了观察到的模式的性质和瓦维洛夫定律的例外。