The peculiarities of gastric cancer development associated with the expression levels of components of the AKT/mTOR signaling cascade and PD, PD-L1, PD-L2 have not yet been identified. We revealed the fundamental changes in the expression AKT/mTOR and PD receptors and their ligands associated with dissemination of gastric cancer. An increase in the mRNA level of all components of this cascade was demonstrated. The expression of mTOR and AKT decreased against the background of enhanced expression of PTEN phosphatase. The increase in the expression of PD-1 receptors and PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligands was most pronounced in patients with distant metastases.

中文翻译：

---

AKT/mTOR 信号级联和 PD-1、PD-L1 和 PD-L2 在胃癌中的表达

与 AKT/mTOR 信号级联和 PD、PD-L1、PD-L2 组分的表达水平相关的胃癌发展的特征尚未确定。我们揭示了与胃癌传播相关的 AKT/mTOR 和 PD 受体及其配体表达的根本变化。证明了该级联的所有组分的 mRNA 水平增加。在 PTEN 磷酸酶表达增强的背景下，mTOR 和 AKT 的表达降低。PD-1 受体和 PD-L1 和 PD-L2 配体表达的增加在远处转移患者中最为明显。