Natural regeneration is a critical step for the dispersal of alien plants and the establishment of new invasive foci. The adequate timing and location of germination, as well as the survival of the seedlings, have direct effects on the recruitment of the population, and are expected to depend on habitat characteristics. Understanding the dynamics of these processes, and their variations according to the landscape at different scales, can be particularly important to design and implement control strategies. In this article, we evaluate differences in seedling emergence and establishment of Pinus halepensis in highland grasslands of the Argentine pampas, according to altitude, orientation of the slope and vegetation cover. Our results showed spatial variation on the rate of seedling emergence, with topography as a determining factor, possibly due to a facilitating effect on the slopes with higher incident solar radiation (NE at the study site). Slope exposition, on the contrary, seemed to have the opposite effect on the survival of seedlings. Once established, seedlings also survived better in sites with less solar exposure, probably due to protection from high evapotranspiration during the summer. These results could explain variations in the invasive performance of the species and guide management actions aimed at preventing its further expansion in the study area and in other habitats with similar characteristics.

自然再生是扩散外来植物和建立新的入侵焦点的关键步骤。适当的发芽时间和地点，以及幼苗的存活，对种群的募集有直接影响，并且预计将取决于栖息地的特征。了解这些过程的动态及其根据不同规模的情况的变化，对于设计和实施控制策略尤其重要。在本文中，我们评估了樟子松幼苗出苗和建立的差异在阿根廷草原的高地草原上，根据海拔高度，坡度方向和植被覆盖情况而定。我们的结果显示，幼苗生长速率的空间变化，以地形为决定因素，可能是由于对入射太阳辐射较高（研究地点的NE）的斜坡产生了促进作用。相反，边坡暴露似乎对幼苗的存活产生相反的影响。一旦建立，幼苗也可以在阳光照射较少的地方更好地存活，这可能是由于在夏季避免了高蒸散作用。这些结果可以解释该物种入侵行为的变化，并指导旨在防止其在研究区域和其他具有类似特征的生境中进一步扩展的管理行动。