With the increasing global consumption of secondary batteries, the cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will gradually become a problem. Compared with LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have natural advantages, such as the higher abundance of sodium in the earth’s crust and lower cost. SIBs have a similar working principle to LIBs, based on sodium/lithium ions moving between the cathode and anode. The cathode plays an important role in the performance of SIBs. Among the cathode materials of SIBs, phosphate-based cathodes have been widely studied for their good electrochemical performance and stability. However, there are still some problems that limit their wide practical application, such as unsatisfactory rate performance, low energy density and poor cycle stability. Nanosizing is one of the common modification strategies used to solve the above problems. It not only improves the chemical kinetics of cathode materials but also regulates their thermodynamic properties. This review discusses the influence of nanosizing on the phosphate cathode material and what shapes can be designed to improve performance, and provides a reference for the development of SIBs in the future.

随着全球二次电池消耗的增加，锂离子电池（LIB）的成本将逐渐成为问题。与LIB相比，钠离子电池（SIB）具有自然的优势，例如地壳中钠的含量较高且成本较低。基于钠/锂离子在阴极和阳极之间移动，SIB具有与LIB相似的工作原理。阴极在SIB的性能中起着重要作用。在SIB的阴极材料中，磷酸盐基阴极因其良好的电化学性能和稳定性而被广泛研究。但是，仍然存在一些问题限制了其广泛的实际应用，例如速率性能不令人满意，能量密度低和循环稳定性差。纳米化是用于解决上述问题的常用改性策略之一。它不仅改善了阴极材料的化学动力学，而且调节了它们的热力学性质。这篇综述讨论了纳米化对磷酸盐阴极材料的影响以及可以设计哪些形状来改善性能，并为将来SIB的开发提供了参考。