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Gravitational waves and geometrical optics in scalar-tensor theories
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 , DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/11/040
Alice Garoffolo 1, 2, 3 , Gianmassimo Tasinato 4 , Carmelita Carbone 5, 6 , Daniele Bertacca 3, 7, 8 , Sabino Matarrese 3, 7, 8, 9
Affiliation  

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) propagating through cosmic structures can provide invaluable information on the geometry and content of our Universe, as well as on the fundamental theory of gravity. In order to test possible departures from General Relativity, it is essential to analyse, in a modified gravity setting, how GWs propagate through a perturbed cosmological space-time. Working within the framework of geometrical optics, we develop tools to address this topic for a broad class of scalar-tensor theories, including scenarios with non-minimal, derivative couplings between scalar and tensor modes. We determine the corresponding evolution equations for the GW amplitude and polarization tensor. The former satisfies a generalised evolution equation that includes possible effects due to a variation of the effective Planck scale; the latter can fail to be parallely transported along GW geodesics unless certain conditions are satisfied. We apply our general formulas to specific scalar-tensor theories with unit tensor speed, and then focus on GW propagation on a perturbed space-time. We determine corrections to standard formulas for the GW luminosity distance and for the evolution of the polarization tensor, which depend both on modified gravity and on the effects of cosmological perturbations. Our results can constitute a starting point to disentangle among degeneracies from different sectors that can influence GW propagation through cosmological space-times.

中文翻译:

标量张量理论中的引力波和几何光学

探测通过宇宙结构传播的引力波 (GW) 可以提供关于我们宇宙的几何形状和内容以及引力基本理论的宝贵信息。为了测试可能偏离广义相对论的情况,必须在修改后的重力环境中分析 GW 如何通过扰动的宇宙学时空传播。在几何光学的框架内,我们开发了工具来解决广泛的标量张量理论的这一主题,包括标量和张量模式之间具有非最小导数耦合的场景。我们确定了对应的引力波振幅和极化张量的演化方程。前者满足广义演化方程,其中包括由于有效普朗克量表的变化而可能产生的影响;除非满足某些条件,否则后者可能无法沿 GW 测地线并行传输。我们将我们的一般公式应用于具有单位张量速度的特定标量张量理论,然后专注于扰动时空上的 GW 传播。我们确定了对 GW 光度距离和偏振张量演化的标准公式的修正,这取决于修正的重力和宇宙学扰动的影响。我们的结果可以构成一个起点,可以解开来自不同部门的退化之间的联系,这些退化可以通过宇宙学时空影响 GW 的传播。然后专注于扰动时空上的 GW 传播。我们确定了对 GW 光度距离和偏振张量演化的标准公式的修正,这取决于修正的重力和宇宙学扰动的影响。我们的结果可以构成一个起点,可以解开来自不同部门的退化之间的联系,这些退化可以通过宇宙学时空影响 GW 的传播。然后专注于扰动时空上的 GW 传播。我们确定了对 GW 光度距离和偏振张量演化的标准公式的修正,这取决于修正的重力和宇宙学扰动的影响。我们的结果可以构成一个起点,可以解开来自不同部门的退化之间的联系,这些退化可以通过宇宙学时空影响 GW 的传播。
更新日期:2020-11-20
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