Introduction It has been demonstrated experimentally that the coronavirus can enter the central nervous system through olfactory nerves and can even reach medulla. Neurological manifestations are observed more frequently in patients with coronavirus disease. Main text The aim of the review is to seek evidence for infection of the nervous system by the human coronavirus and study the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus and its treatment. A search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Scopus. There is evidence for the coronavirus infection of the nervous system from experimental studies, autopsy reports, and clinical studies. The virus can damage the nervous system either by direct viral damage to the neural cells or by immunopathology. Cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain–Barré Syndrome, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis, toxic encephalopathy, and stroke can occur. The coronavirus has been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction technique in infected patients. The abnormalities of the coagulation system increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Chloroquine analogs, lopinavir/ritonavir combination, remdesivir, dexamethasone, and immunoglobulin have been shown to be useful for the treatment. Conclusion There is substantial evidence for infection of the nervous system by the different strains of the human coronavirus. The coronavirus enters the nervous system either by the blood or from the olfactory nerves. The neurological diseases correlate with the severity of the coronavirus disease. The treatment is mainly supportive. The reports of patients with encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and brainstem encephalitis show slow recovery. But a stroke has a high mortality.

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冠状病毒病神经系统表现的简要回顾

引言 实验证明，冠状病毒可以通过嗅觉神经进入中枢神经系统，甚至可以到达髓质。在冠状病毒病患者中更频繁地观察到神经系统表现。正文 本综述的目的是寻找人类冠状病毒感染神经系统的证据，并研究冠状病毒的神经系统表现及其治疗方法。在 PubMed、Google Scholar、CrossRef 和 Scopus 中进行了搜索。从实验研究、尸检报告和临床研究中，有证据表明冠状病毒感染了神经系统。该病毒可以通过对神经细胞的直接病毒损伤或通过免疫病理学来损害神经系统。脑水肿、神经元变性、脑炎、脑膜脑炎、可发生急性播散性脑脊髓炎、格林-巴利综合征、Bickerstaff 脑干脑炎、Miller Fisher 综合征、多发性神经炎、中毒性脑病和中风。已通过聚合酶链反应技术在感染患者的脑脊液中证实了冠状病毒。凝血系统的异常会增加患脑血管疾病的风险。氯喹类似物、洛匹那韦/利托那韦组合、瑞德西韦、地塞米松和免疫球蛋白已被证明可用于治疗。结论 有大量证据表明不同的人类冠状病毒株感染了神经系统。冠状病毒通过血液或嗅觉神经进入神经系统。神经系统疾病与冠状病毒疾病的严重程度相关。治疗主要是支持性的。脑炎、脑脊髓炎和脑干脑炎患者的报告显示恢复缓慢。但是中风的死亡率很高。