Introduction It has been demonstrated experimentally that the coronavirus can enter the central nervous system through olfactory nerves and can even reach medulla. Neurological manifestations are observed more frequently in patients with coronavirus disease. Main text The aim of the review is to seek evidence for infection of the nervous system by the human coronavirus and study the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus and its treatment. A search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Scopus. There is evidence for the coronavirus infection of the nervous system from experimental studies, autopsy reports, and clinical studies. The virus can damage the nervous system either by direct viral damage to the neural cells or by immunopathology. Cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain–Barré Syndrome, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis, toxic encephalopathy, and stroke can occur. The coronavirus has been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction technique in infected patients. The abnormalities of the coagulation system increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Chloroquine analogs, lopinavir/ritonavir combination, remdesivir, dexamethasone, and immunoglobulin have been shown to be useful for the treatment. Conclusion There is substantial evidence for infection of the nervous system by the different strains of the human coronavirus. The coronavirus enters the nervous system either by the blood or from the olfactory nerves. The neurological diseases correlate with the severity of the coronavirus disease. The treatment is mainly supportive. The reports of patients with encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and brainstem encephalitis show slow recovery. But a stroke has a high mortality.

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冠状病毒病的神经系统表现简述


引言 实验证明，冠状病毒可以通过嗅觉神经进入中枢神经系统，甚至可以到达髓质。冠状病毒病患者更容易观察到神经系统表现。正文 综述的目的是寻找人类冠状病毒感染神经系统的证据，并研究冠状病毒的神经系统表现及其治疗。在 PubMed、Google Scholar、CrossRef 和 Scopus 中进行了搜索。实验研究、尸检报告和临床研究都有证据表明冠状病毒感染了神经系统。该病毒可以通过病毒对神经细胞的直接损伤或通过免疫病理学来损伤神经系统。可能发生脑水肿、神经元变性、脑炎、脑膜脑炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、吉兰-巴利综合征、比克斯塔夫脑干脑炎、米勒·费希尔综合征、多发性神经炎、中毒性脑病和中风。通过聚合酶链反应技术，已在感染患者的脑脊液中证实了冠状病毒。凝血系统异常会增加患脑血管疾病的风险。氯喹类似物、洛匹那韦/利托那韦组合、瑞德西韦、地塞米松和免疫球蛋白已被证明可用于治疗。结论 有大量证据表明人类冠状病毒的不同毒株可感染神经系统。冠状病毒通过血液或嗅觉神经进入神经系统。神经系统疾病与冠状病毒疾病的严重程度相关。治疗主要以支持治疗为主。 脑炎、脑脊髓炎、脑干脑炎患者的报告显示恢复缓慢。但中风的死亡率很高。