Noise annoyance is considered to be the most widespread and recognized health effect of environmental noise. Previous research is mostly based on the static study of residential environmental noise, but few studies have focused on the effects of noise exposure in different activity contexts on real-time annoyance. The two deficiency are that they neglect the influence of activity context besides residence and fail to reflect the difference of time-scale effect of noise influence. Using portable noise and air sensors, GPS-equipped mobile phones, questionnaire survey, and geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA), this paper measured the environmental noise and real-time noise annoyance of participants at different activity places. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of environmental noise on people’s real-time annoyance. The paper further considered the influence of the geographic context of the activity places and daily acoustic environment on participants’ real-time annoyance. Further, a nonlinear regression model was constructed using Random Forest to further examine the nonlinear relationship between environmental noise and real-time annoyance. The results showed that: (1) the average cumulative equivalent sound level during was 55 dB (A) when the participants responded to the EMA surveys; (2) Only the temperature of activity places had an influence on momentary annoyance and the higher the temperature, the more likely participants were annoyed; (3) Participants with higher perception of noise pollution in residential communities were more likely to be annoyed. However, participants with higher daily exposure to noise were less likely to feel annoyed; (4) The threshold value of the effect of noise on real-time annoyance was 58 dB (A) to 78 dB (A). These findings can guide the development of urban planning and environmental noise standards and also provide a reference for noise barrier requirements for different activity places.

中文翻译：

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环境噪声烦恼的地理生态矩EMA评估（GEMA）：活动背景和日常声学环境的影响

噪声烦恼被认为是环境噪声对健康的最广泛和公认的影响。先前的研究主要基于对居住环境噪声的静态研究，但是很少有研究关注于不同活动环境下的噪声暴露对实时烦扰的影响。两者的不足之处在于，除了居住地之外，他们忽略了活动情境的影响，并且未能反映出噪声影响的时标效应的差异。本文使用便携式噪声和空气传感器，配备GPS的手机，问卷调查以及地理生态瞬时评估（GEMA），测量了参与者在不同活动场所的环境噪声和实时噪声烦扰。分层逻辑回归模型用于检验环境噪声对人们实时烦恼的影响。本文进一步考虑了活动场所的地理环境和日常声学环境对参与者实时烦恼的影响。此外，使用随机森林构建了非线性回归模型，以进一步检验环境噪声与实时烦恼之间的非线性关系。结果表明：（1）当参与者对EMA调查做出回应时，其期间的平均累积等效声级为55 dB（A）；（2）仅活动场所的温度对瞬时烦恼有影响，而温度越高，参与者被烦恼的可能性就越大；（3）居民社区对噪声污染的认识较高的参与者更容易被烦恼。但是，每天接触噪音较高的参与者不太会感到烦恼。（4）噪声对实时烦扰影响的阈值为58 dB（A）至78 dB（A）。这些发现可以指导城市规划和环境噪声标准的发展，也可以为不同活动场所的隔音屏障要求提供参考。