Mitochondria are controlled by the coordination of two genomes: the mitochondrial and the nuclear DNA. As such, variations in nuclear gene expression as a consequence of mutations and epigenetic modifications can affect mitochondrial functionality. Conversely, the opposite could also be true. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetics, such as nuclear DNA methylation, remains largely unexplored. Mitochondria function as central metabolic hubs controlling some of the main substrates involved in nuclear DNA methylation, via the one carbon metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the methionine pathway. Here, we review key findings and highlight new areas of focus, with the ultimate goal of getting one step closer to understanding the genomic effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on nuclear epigenetic landscapes.

中文翻译：

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线粒体代谢和 DNA 甲基化：两个基因组之间相互作用的综述

线粒体由两个基因组的协调控制：线粒体和核 DNA。因此，由于突变和表观遗传修饰导致的核基因表达变化会影响线粒体功能。相反，相反的情况也可能成立。然而，线粒体功能障碍与表观遗传学（如核 DNA 甲基化）之间的关系在很大程度上仍未得到探索。线粒体作为中央代谢枢纽，通过一碳代谢、三羧酸循环和甲硫氨酸途径控制参与核 DNA 甲基化的一些主要底物。在这里，我们回顾了关键发现并突出了新的关注领域，最终目标是更进一步了解线粒体功能障碍对核表观遗传景观的基因组影响。