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Quantification and Valuation of Nitrogen Removal Services Provided by Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture at the Subwatershed Scale
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03066 Anthony Dvarskas 1 , Suzanne B. Bricker 2 , Gary H. Wikfors 3 , John J. Bohorquez 1 , Mark S. Dixon 3 , Julie M. Rose 3
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03066 Anthony Dvarskas 1 , Suzanne B. Bricker 2 , Gary H. Wikfors 3 , John J. Bohorquez 1 , Mark S. Dixon 3 , Julie M. Rose 3
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Eutrophication is a global environmental challenge, and diverse watershed nitrogen sources require multifaceted management approaches. Shellfish aquaculture removes nitrogen, but the extent and value of this ecosystem service have not been well-characterized at the local scale. A novel approach was employed to quantify and value nitrogen reduction services provided by the shellfish aquaculture industry to a municipality. Cultivated hard clam and eastern oyster nitrogen removal in Greenwich Bay, Connecticut, was valued using the replacement cost methodology and allocated by municipal nitrogen source. Using the preferred analysis allocating replacement costs by nitrogen source, aquaculture-based removal of 14 006 kg nitrogen was valued at $2.3–5.8 (2.3–6.4€) million year–1. This nitrogen removal represents 9% of the total annual Greenwich-specific nitrogen load, 16% of the combined nonpoint sources, 38% of the fertilizer sources, 51% of the septic sources, 98% of the atmospheric deposition to the watershed, or 184% of the atmospheric deposition to the embayments that discharge to Greenwich Bay. Our approach is transferable to other coastal watersheds pursuing nitrogen reduction goals, both with and without established shellfish aquaculture. It provides context for decisions related to watershed nitrogen management expenditures and suggests a strategy to comprehensively evaluate mechanisms to achieve nitrogen reduction targets.
中文翻译：
分水岭规模的商业贝类水产养殖提供的脱氮服务的量化和评估
富营养化是全球环境挑战，多样化的流域氮源需要多方面的管理方法。贝类水产养殖去除了氮，但是这种生态系统服务的范围和价值在地方范围内尚未得到很好的表征。一种新颖的方法被用来量化和评价贝类养殖业向市政当局提供的氮减少服务。使用重置成本方法对康涅狄格州格林威治湾的硬蛤和东部牡蛎的氮去除进行了评估，并由市政氮源进行了分配。使用首选分析氮源，基于养殖去除14006公斤氮的分配重置成本估值为$ 2.3-5.8（2.3-6.4€）万年-1。氮去除量占格林威治特定年度氮负荷总量的9％，非点源合计的16％，化肥源的38％，化粪池的51％，流域的大气沉积量的98％或184排放到格林威治湾的污染物占大气沉积的百分比。无论是否建立贝类水产养殖，我们的方法都可以转移到追求氮减少目标的其他沿海流域。它为与流域氮管理支出相关的决策提供了依据，并提出了一种策略，以全面评估实现氮削减目标的机制。
更新日期：2020-12-15
中文翻译：
分水岭规模的商业贝类水产养殖提供的脱氮服务的量化和评估
富营养化是全球环境挑战，多样化的流域氮源需要多方面的管理方法。贝类水产养殖去除了氮，但是这种生态系统服务的范围和价值在地方范围内尚未得到很好的表征。一种新颖的方法被用来量化和评价贝类养殖业向市政当局提供的氮减少服务。使用重置成本方法对康涅狄格州格林威治湾的硬蛤和东部牡蛎的氮去除进行了评估，并由市政氮源进行了分配。使用首选分析氮源，基于养殖去除14006公斤氮的分配重置成本估值为$ 2.3-5.8（2.3-6.4€）万年-1。氮去除量占格林威治特定年度氮负荷总量的9％，非点源合计的16％，化肥源的38％，化粪池的51％，流域的大气沉积量的98％或184排放到格林威治湾的污染物占大气沉积的百分比。无论是否建立贝类水产养殖，我们的方法都可以转移到追求氮减少目标的其他沿海流域。它为与流域氮管理支出相关的决策提供了依据，并提出了一种策略，以全面评估实现氮削减目标的机制。
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