The evolution of the technology standard alliance (TSA) is examined using complex adaptive system (CAS) theory. Taking TSA as a dynamic CAS, an echo model is constructed to depict the mechanism of its evolution, and a model is simulated on the NetLogo platform. The echo model includes a basic model, an extended model, and a three-layer echo model. The adhesive aggregation of agents is explained, and the three evolutionary stages of agents’ entry, migration, and exit are analyzed. Moreover, the adaptability of agents in TSA is quantified. The results of simulation show the evolution of the TSA in relation to the two aspects of agent adhesion aggregation and agent resource interaction, and they demonstrate the dynamic and complex hierarchical structure of the TSA system. It is proposed that greater matching ability, moderate behavior income, and lower behavior cost are more conducive to the evolution and development of TSA. Additionally, the echo model is reconstructed to expand the range of application of CAS theory.

中文翻译：

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基于复杂自适应系统理论的回声模型的技术标准联盟的演进

技术标准联盟（TSA）的演变使用复杂的自适应系统（CAS）理论进行了研究。以TSA作为动态CAS，构建了回波模型来描述其演化机理，并在NetLogo平台上对模型进行了仿真。回波模型包括基本模型，扩展模型和三层回波模型。解释了药剂的粘合剂聚集，并分析了药剂进入，迁移和排出的三个演化阶段。此外，量化了试剂在TSA中的适应性。仿真结果表明，TSA与代理粘附聚合和代理资源交互这两个方面有关，并且证明了TSA系统的动态复杂层次结构。建议更大的匹配能力，适度的行为收入，较低的行为成本更有利于TSA的发展。此外，回波模型被重建以扩展CAS理论的应用范围。