Controlling the large deformation caused by bed separation failure of thick and soft surrounding rock in gob-side entry retaining is difficult. The deformation and failure modes of thick and soft surrounding rock are summarized and classified based on field research, theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, and actual measurements. Systematic research is conducted on the lithologic characteristics, failure characteristics, and control methods of the surrounding rock. The research findings are as follows: (1) The low strength, softening, and water swelling of thick mudstone, as well as its cataclasis, dilatancy, and long-term creep under strong mining and high stress are the objective reasons for large deformation of the surrounding rock. (2) Due to the weak stability of the surrounding rock-support structure and low collaborative roof side bearing capacity, no complete supporting structure is formed with the supporting system, causing the support body in each area to be crushed one by one, which is the subjective reason for the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock. (3) The deformation and failure characteristics of thick and soft surrounding rock in gob-side entry retaining are primarily divided into eight types: roof bending and sinking type, roof cutting along filling body, rib spalling type, roof fall type, filling body rotation type, filling body crushing type, roof step type, and roof cutting along the coal side. The initial points and key points for a chain reaction of each failure type are determined. (4) The surrounding rock is divided into 10 support zones at four levels, and control technology for “zonal support and overall reinforcement” is put forward. The mechanical effect of the support body in each zone and its role in maintaining the stability of surrounding rock are analyzed. This technology can ensure the integrity of the surrounding rock structure and improve the roof side collaborative bearing capacity.

中文翻译：

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深部采空区围岩厚软性围岩破坏特征及分区控制技术研究

难以控制在采空区侧入口围岩中由厚而软的围岩的床层分离失败引起的大变形。根据现场研究，理论分析，实验室测试和实际测量，对厚软围岩的变形和破坏模式进行了归纳和分类。对围岩的岩性，破坏特征和控制方法进行了系统的研究。研究结果如下：（1）厚泥岩低强度，软化和水溶胀，以及在强采高应力下的崩塌，剪胀和长期蠕变是造成大变形的客观原因。周围的岩石。（2）由于围岩支护结构的稳定性较弱，且顶棚侧承压能力较低，因此，支护系统没有形成完整的支护结构，导致各个区域的支护体被一一压碎。围岩变形和破坏的主观原因。（3）采空区出入口护壁中厚软围岩的变形破坏特征主要分为八类：顶板弯沉型，沿充填体顶切，肋剥落型，顶落式，充填体旋转型，填充体破碎型，顶板台阶型和沿煤侧的顶板切割。确定每种失效类型的连锁反应的起始点和关键点。（4）将围岩分为四个等级的10个支护区，提出了“支护与整体加固”控制技术。分析了每个区域中支撑体的机械作用及其在保持围岩稳定性方面的作用。该技术可以确保围岩结构的完整性，并提高顶板侧协同承载能力。