Uncertainty about future events may lead to worry, anxiety, even inability to function. The highly related concept—intolerance of uncertainty (IU)—emerged in the early 1990s, which is further developed into a transdiagnostic risk factor in multiple forms of anxiety disorders. Interests in uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty have rapidly increased in recent years; little is known about the construct and phenomenology of uncertainty and IU and the association between them. In an attempt to reveal the nature of two concepts, we reviewed broad literature surrounding uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). We followed the process in which the whole IU theory developed and extended, including two aspects: (1) from uncertainty to intolerance of uncertainty and (2) definition of uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty, and further concluded uncertainty fuels to negative emotions, biased expectancy, and inflexible response. Secondly, this paper summarized the experimental research concerning uncertainty and IU, consisted of three parts: (1) uncertainty-based research, (2) measurements of IU, and (3) domain-specific IU. Lastly, we pointed out what remains unknown and needed to be investigated in future research. This result provides a comprehensive overview in this domain, enhancing our understanding of uncertainty and IU and contributing to further theoretical and empirical explorations.

中文翻译：

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从不确定性到焦虑：不确定性如何在不确定性不容忍介导的过程中加剧焦虑

对未来事件的不确定性可能会导致担忧、焦虑，甚至无法正常工作。高度相关的概念——不确定性不耐受 (IU)——出现在 1990 年代初期，它进一步发展成为多种形式的焦虑症的跨诊断风险因素。近年来，人们对不确定性和不容忍不确定性的兴趣迅速增加；关于不确定性和 IU 的构造和现象学以及它们之间的关联知之甚少。为了揭示两个概念的本质，我们回顾了围绕不确定性和不确定性不容忍 (IU) 的广泛文献。我们遵循了整个IU理论的发展和扩展过程，包括两个方面：（1）从不确定性到不确定性的不容忍（2）不确定性的定义和不确定性的不容忍性，并进一步得出结论，不确定性会导致负面情绪、有偏见的期望和不灵活的反应。其次，本文总结了关于不确定性和IU的实验研究，包括三个部分：（1）基于不确定性的研究，（2）IU的测量，以及（3）特定领域的IU。最后，我们指出了在未来的研究中仍然未知和需要调查的内容。这一结果提供了该领域的全面概述，增强了我们对不确定性和 IU 的理解，并有助于进一步的理论和实证探索。(3) 特定领域的 IU。最后，我们指出了在未来的研究中仍然未知和需要调查的内容。这一结果提供了该领域的全面概述，增强了我们对不确定性和 IU 的理解，并有助于进一步的理论和实证探索。(3) 特定领域的 IU。最后，我们指出了在未来的研究中仍然未知和需要调查的内容。这一结果提供了该领域的全面概述，增强了我们对不确定性和 IU 的理解，并有助于进一步的理论和实证探索。