Abstract Electrochromism, an emerging energy conversion technology, has attracted immense interest due to its various applications including bistable displays, optical filters, variable optical attenuators, optical switches, and energy-efficient smart windows. Currently, the major drawback for the development of electrochromism is the slow switching speed, especially in inorganic electrochromic materials. The slow switching speed is mainly attributed to slow reaction kinetics of the dense inorganic electrochromic films. As such, an efficient design of nanostructured electrochromic materials is a key strategy to attain a rapid switching speed for their real-world applications. In this review article, we summarize the classifications of electrochromic materials, including inorganic materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, Prussian blue, and polyoxometalates), organic materials (e.g., polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and viologens), inorganic-organic hybrids, and plasmonic materials. We also discuss the electrochromic properties and synthesis methods for various nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials depending on structure/morphology engineering, doping techniques, and crystal phase design. Finally, we outline the major challenges to be solved and discuss the outlooks and our perspectives for the development of high-performance nanostructured electrochromic materials.

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用于光应用的纳米结构无机电致变色材料

摘要 电致变色是一种新兴的能量转换技术，由于其应用广泛，包括双稳态显示器、光学滤波器、可变光衰减器、光开关和节能智能窗等，引起了人们极大的兴趣。目前，电致变色发展的主要缺点是转换速度慢，尤其是在无机电致变色材料中。缓慢的切换速度主要归因于致密无机电致变色膜的缓慢反应动力学。因此，纳米结构电致变色材料的有效设计是为其实际应用实现快速切换速度的关键策略。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了电致变色材料的分类，包括无机材料（例如过渡金属氧化物、普鲁士蓝、和多金属氧酸盐）、有机材料（例如聚合物、共价有机框架和紫精）、无机-有机杂化物和等离子体材料。我们还根据结构/形态工程、掺杂技术和晶相设计讨论了各种纳米结构无机电致变色材料的电致变色性能和合成方法。最后，我们概述了需要解决的主要挑战，并讨论了高性能纳米结构电致变色材料的发展前景和前景。我们还根据结构/形态工程、掺杂技术和晶相设计讨论了各种纳米结构无机电致变色材料的电致变色性能和合成方法。最后，我们概述了需要解决的主要挑战，并讨论了高性能纳米结构电致变色材料的发展前景和前景。我们还根据结构/形态工程、掺杂技术和晶相设计讨论了各种纳米结构无机电致变色材料的电致变色性能和合成方法。最后，我们概述了需要解决的主要挑战，并讨论了高性能纳米结构电致变色材料的发展前景和前景。