Increased rates of Zika virus have been identified in economically deprived areas in Brazil at the population level; yet, the implications of the interaction between socioeconomic position and prenatal Zika virus exposure on adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remains insufficiently evaluated at the individual level. Using data collected between September 2015 and September 2019 from 163 children with qRT-PCR and/or IgM-confirmed prenatal exposure to Zika virus participating in a prospective cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (NCT03255369), this study evaluated the relationships of socioeconomic indicators with microcephaly at birth and Bayley-III neurodevelopmental scores during the early life course. Adjusted logistic regression models indicated increased odds of microcephaly in children born to families with lower household income (OR, 95% CI: 3.85, 1.43 to 10.37) and higher household crowding (OR, 95% CI: 1.83, 1.16 to 2.91), while maternal secondary and higher education appeared to have a protective effect for microcephaly compared to primary education (OR, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.11 to 0.98 and 0.10, 0.03 to 0.36, respectively). Consistent with these findings, adjusted linear regression models indicated lower composite language (−10.78, 95% CI: −19.87 to −1.69), motor (−10.45, 95% CI: −19.22 to −1.69), and cognitive (−17.20, 95% CI: −26.13 to −8.28) scores in children whose families participated in the Bolsa Família social protection programme. As such, the results from this investigation further emphasise the detrimental effects of childhood disadvantage on human health and development by providing novel evidence on the link between individual level socioeconomic indicators and microcephaly and delayed early life neurodevelopment following prenatal Zika virus exposure.

中文翻译：

---

检查产前寨卡病毒暴露儿童的社会经济地位与小头畸形和儿童神经发育迟缓的关联

在巴西的经济贫困地区，人们发现寨卡病毒的发病率有所上升。然而，在个体水平上，社会经济地位和产前寨卡病毒暴露之间的相互作用对不良神经发育结局的影响仍然不够。使用2015年9月至2019年9月在巴西里约热内卢进行的一项前瞻性队列研究（NCT03255369）中从163名qRT-PCR和/或IgM确认的产前接触寨卡病毒的儿童中收集的数据（NCT03255369），该研究评估了社会经济关系出生时具有小头畸形的指标以及生命早期阶段的Bayley-III神经发育评分。调整后的Logistic回归模型表明，家庭收入较低的家庭（OR，95％CI：3.85，1.43至10.37）和更高的家庭拥挤感（OR，95％CI：1.83，1.16至2.91），而相比初等教育，母亲中学和高等教育似乎对小头畸形具有保护作用（OR，95） ％CI：分别为0.33、0.11至0.98和0.10、0.03至0.36）。与这些发现一致，调整后的线性回归模型显示较低的复合语言（−10.78，95％CI：−19.87至−1.69），运动（−10.45，95％CI：−19.22至−1.69）和认知（−17.20， 95％的CI：−26.13至−8.28），其家庭参与了BolsaFamília社会保护计划的孩子的得分。因此，