This paper presents an overview of semiconductor materials used in gas sensors, their technology, design, and application. Semiconductor materials include metal oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and 2D materials. Metal oxides are most often the first choice due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, high sensitivity, and stability. Some of their disadvantages are low selectivity and high operating temperature. Conducting polymers have the advantage of a low operating temperature and can detect many organic vapors. They are flexible but affected by humidity. Carbon nanotubes are chemically and mechanically stable and are sensitive towards NO and NH₃, but need dopants or modifications to sense other gases. Graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, boron nitride, transition metal carbides/nitrides, metal organic frameworks, and metal oxide nanosheets as 2D materials represent gas-sensing materials of the future, especially in medical devices, such as breath sensing. This overview covers the most used semiconducting materials in gas sensing, their synthesis methods and morphology, especially oxide nanostructures, heterostructures, and 2D materials, as well as sensor technology and design, application in advance electronic circuits and systems, and research challenges from the perspective of emerging technologies.

中文翻译：

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材料、技术、设计和应用


本文概述了气体传感器中使用的半导体材料及其技术、设计和应用。半导体材料包括金属氧化物、导电聚合物、碳纳米管和2D材料。金属氧化物由于其易于制造、低成本、高灵敏度和稳定性而通常是首选。它们的一些缺点是选择性低和工作温度高。导电聚合物具有工作温度低的优点，可以检测许多有机蒸气。它们很灵活，但会受到湿度的影响。碳纳米管化学和机械稳定，并且对NO和NH ₃敏感，但需要掺杂剂或修饰来感测其他气体。石墨烯、过渡金属硫族化物、氮化硼、过渡金属碳化物/氮化物、金属有机框架和金属氧化物纳米片作为二维材料代表了未来的气敏材料，特别是在医疗设备中，例如呼吸传感。本概述涵盖了气体传感中最常用的半导体材料、其合成方法和形貌，特别是氧化物纳米结构、异质结构和二维材料，以及传感器技术和设计、先进电子电路和系统的应用，以及从以下角度的研究挑战的新兴技术。