Breeding has substantially increased the genetic yield potential, but fungal pathogens are still major constraints for wheat production. Therefore, breeding success for resistance and its impact on yield were analyzed on a large panel of winter wheat cultivars, representing breeding progress in Germany during the last decades, in large scale field trials under different fungicide and nitrogen treatments. Results revealed a highly significant effect of genotype (G) and year (Y) on resistances and G × Y interactions were significant for all pathogens tested, i.e. leaf rust, strip rust, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight. N-fertilization significantly increased the susceptibility to biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Resistance was significantly improved over time but at different rates for the pathogens. Although the average progress of resistance against each pathogen was higher at the elevated N level in absolute terms, it was very similar at both N levels on a relative basis. Grain yield was increased significantly over time under all treatments but was considerably higher without fungicides particularly at high N-input. Our results strongly indicate that wheat breeding resulted in a substantial increase of grain yield along with a constant improvement of resistance to fungal pathogens, thereby contributing to an environment-friendly and sustainable wheat production.

育种已大大增加了遗传产量的潜力，但真菌病原体仍是小麦生产的主要限制因素。因此，在一大批冬小麦品种上分析了抗性育种成功及其对产量的影响，这代表了过去几十年来德国在不同杀菌剂和氮处理下的大规模田间试验进展。结果表明，基因型（G）和年份（Y）对抗性具有极显着的影响，并且G×Y交互作用对所有测试的病原体均显着，即叶锈病，条锈病，白粉病和枯萎病。氮肥显着增加了对生物营养和半营养病原体的敏感性。随着时间的流逝，抗药性显着提高，但对病原体的抵抗力却有所不同。虽然从绝对值上讲，对每种病原体的抗药性的平均进展在氮水平升高时都较高，但相对而言在两种氮水平下却非常相似。在所有处理下，谷物产量均随时间显着增加，但如果不添加杀真菌剂，则尤其在高氮输入条件下，谷物产量显着提高。我们的结果有力地表明，小麦育种导致谷物产量大幅增加，同时对真菌病原体的抵抗力不断提高，从而为环境友好和可持续的小麦生产做出了贡献。在所有处理下，谷物产量均随时间显着增加，但如果不添加杀真菌剂，则尤其在高氮输入条件下，谷物产量显着提高。我们的结果有力地表明，小麦育种导致谷物产量大幅增加，同时对真菌病原体的抵抗力不断提高，从而为环境友好和可持续的小麦生产做出了贡献。在所有处理下，谷物产量均随时间显着增加，但如果不添加杀真菌剂，则尤其在高氮输入条件下，谷物产量显着提高。我们的结果有力地表明，小麦育种导致谷物产量大幅增加，同时对真菌病原体的抵抗力不断提高，从而为环境友好和可持续的小麦生产做出了贡献。