Selection by breeders modifies the morphology, behaviour and performance of domesticated species. Here, we examined signs of selection in Finnhorse, the only native horse breed in Finland. We first searched divergent genomic regions between Finnhorses and other breeds, as well as between different breeding sections of the Finnhorse with data from Illumina Equine SNP70 BeadChip, and then studied several of the detected regions in more detail. We found altogether 35 common outlier SNPs between Finnhorses and other breeds using two different selection tests. Many of the SNPs were located close to genes affecting coat colour, performance, size, sugar metabolism, immune response and olfaction. We selected genes affecting coat colour (KIT, MITF, PMEL), performance (MSTN) and locomotion (DMRT3) for a more detailed examination. In addition, we looked for, and found, associations with height at withers and SNPs located close to gene LCORL. Among the four breeding sections of Finnhorses (harness trotters, riding horses, draught horses and pony-sized horses), a single SNP located close to the DMRT3 gene was significantly differentiated and only between harness trotters and pony-sized horses.

中文翻译：

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芬兰马的选择，一种本土的全能马品种

育种者的选择改变了驯化物种的形态、行为和性能。在这里，我们研究了芬兰唯一的本土马品种 Finnhorse 的选择迹象。我们首先使用来自 Illumina Equine SNP70 BeadChip 的数据搜索芬兰马和其他品种之间以及芬兰马不同育种部分之间的不同基因组区域，然后更详细地研究了几个检测到的区域。我们使用两种不同的选择测试在芬兰马和其他品种之间总共发现了 35 个常见的异常 SNP。许多 SNP 位于影响毛色、性能、大小、糖代谢、免疫反应和嗅觉的基因附近。我们选择了影响毛色（KIT、MITF、PMEL）、性能（MSTN）和运动（DMRT3）的基因进行更详细的检查。另外，找了，并发现，与位于基因 LCORL 附近的马肩隆和 SNP 的高度相关。在芬兰马的四个繁殖部分（马具猪蹄、骑马、挽马和小马）中，靠近 DMRT3 基因的单个 SNP 存在显着差异，并且仅在马蹄马和小马马之间存在显着差异。