The reintroduction of disease‐resistant hybrids is a commonly proposed solution to the introduction of pathogens and pests that weaken or eliminate native plant species. Plant interactions with soil biota result in plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs), which have consequences for individual plant growth and survival as well as broader community‐level processes, such as species diversity and coexistence. Because of their importance, species reintroduction should consider these interactions, yet little work has integrated this perspective. Here, we investigate the effects of hybrid Castanea (chestnut) reintroduction on PSFs and how these mechanisms may influence the recruitment of other species in contemporary forests. We also examine how blight‐resistant Castanea hybrids perform in the soil conditions of contemporary forests and we compare their belowground interactions with those of Castanea dentata. We conducted a reciprocal greenhouse experiment testing the effect of species‐specific soil inoculum on the growth and survival of C. dentata, Castanea hybrids, and other forest dominants. Our results suggest that C. dentata and hybrids had similar belowground interactions and were regulated by negative PSFs, meaning soil microbial communities reduced conspecific growth and survival. These negative PSFs may involve the presence of the non‐native pathogen Phytophthera cinnamomi. Soil inoculum of C. dentata and Castanea hybrids had similar effects on heterospecific growth, suggesting Castanea restoration will have neutral effects on natural regeneration in restoration plantings. We conclude that Castanea hybrids may fill a similar belowground niche to their parent species, and that site selection, screening for soil pathogens, and site planting density will be important to restoration.

中文翻译：

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植物-土壤的反馈以及将板栗（栗）杂交种引入北美东部森林

重新引入抗病杂种是引入弱化或消灭天然植物物种的病原体和害虫的常见解决方案。植物与土壤生物区系的相互作用导致植物-土壤反馈（PSF），这对单个植物的生长和存活以及更广泛的社区层面的过程（例如物种多样性和共存）都有影响。由于它们的重要性，重新引入物种应考虑这些相互作用，但是很少有工作整合了这一观点。在这里，我们研究了混种栗（栗）再引入对PSF的影响，以及这些机制如何影响当代森林中其他物种的招募。我们还研究了抗枯萎的栗树杂种在当代森林的土壤条件下表现良好，我们比较了它们与锥栗（Castanea dentata）在地下的相互作用。我们进行了一个互惠的温室实验，测试了物种特定的土壤接种物对齿状念珠菌，栗树混交种和其他森林优势植物的生长和存活的影响。我们的结果表明，齿状衣原体和杂种具有相似的地下相互作用，并受到负PSF的调节，这意味着土壤微生物群落降低了同种异体的生长和存活。这些阴性PSF可能涉及非天然病原体疫霉。齿状念珠菌和栗属的土壤接种物杂种对异种生长的影响相似，这表明栗树的恢复将对恢复种植的自然更新产生中性影响。我们得出的结论是，栗树杂种可能会填充与其亲本相似的地下生态位，并且选址，土壤病原体筛选和种植密度对于恢复很重要。