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Did Omics change periodontal therapy?
Periodontology 2000 ( IF 17.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1111/prd.12358
Magda Feres 1 , Belén Retamal‐Valdes 1 , Cristiane Gonçalves 2 , Luciene Cristina Figueiredo 1 , Flavia Teles 3
Affiliation  

The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next‐generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next‐generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host‐compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow‐up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.

中文翻译:

Omics是否改变了牙周治疗?

定义有效治疗方案的出发点是对病因和病机的清楚了解。在牙周疾病中,这种理解受到许多因素的阻碍,例如很难区分复杂生物膜结构中的主要病原体和非病原体。DNA测序技术的引入,包括分类学和功能分析,已使口腔微生物组的研究范围和广度大大提高。本文旨在使用下一代测序技术评估牙周微生物组,汇总研究结果,以试图确定这些研究提供的知识对我们治疗牙周炎的方式带来了多大的影响。迄今为止提供的分类数据,通过使用下一代测序的已发表的关联和消除研究,证实了关于经典牙周病原体在疾病病理生物学中的作用的先前知识,并且包括新物种/属。相反,已经被认为具有宿主相容性的物种和属与其他尚未探究的物种和属与牙周健康相关,因为它们的水平在健康个体中会升高,而在治疗后会升高。功能和转录组学分析还表明,牙周生物膜在分类学上是多样化的,在功能上是一致的,并且是高度合作的。迄今为止,几乎没有干预研究检查过治疗对牙周微生物组的影响,并且这些研究在设计,样本量,取样方法,提供的治疗方法和随访时间方面均不相同。因此,仍然很难从中得出有意义的结论。因此,尽管OMICS知识尚未改变我们在日常实践中对待患者的方式,但这些研究提供的信息为该领域的未来研究开辟了新途径。随着新病原体和有益物种的发现,未来的随机临床试验可以更全面地监测这些物种/属。此外,超转录组学数据尽管仍处于萌芽状态,但表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。尽管OMICS知识尚未改变我们在日常实践中对待患者的方式,但这些研究提供的信息为该领域的未来研究开辟了新途径。随着新病原体和有益物种的发现,未来的随机临床试验可以更全面地监测这些物种/属。此外,超转录组学数据尽管仍处于萌芽状态,但表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。尽管OMICS知识尚未改变我们在日常实践中对待患者的方式,但这些研究提供的信息为该领域的未来研究开辟了新途径。随着新病原体和有益物种的发现,未来的随机临床试验可以更全面地监测这些物种/属。此外,超转录组学数据尽管仍处于萌芽状态,但表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。这些研究提供的信息为该领域的未来研究开辟了新的途径。随着新病原体和有益物种的发现,未来的随机临床试验可以更全面地监测这些物种/属。此外,超转录组学数据尽管仍处于萌芽状态,但表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。这些研究提供的信息为该领域的未来研究开辟了新的途径。随着新病原体和有益物种的发现,未来的随机临床试验可以更全面地监测这些物种/属。此外,超转录组学数据尽管仍处于萌芽状态,但表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。转录组数据虽然仍处于萌芽状态,但它表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。转录组数据虽然仍处于萌芽状态,但它表明宿主与口腔微生物组之间的相互作用可能是我们实施个性化牙周治疗的最佳机会。例如,针对具有特定遗传特征的受试者中针对特定细菌蛋白产品的治疗方案可能是增强牙周治疗的未来派观点。
更新日期:2020-12-04
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